Bacterial Translocation from the Biliary Tract to Blood and Lymph in Rats with Obstructive Jaundice

Karsten, Thomas; Gulik, Thomas M. van; Spanjaard, Lodewijk; Bosma, A.; Weerman, Marius A. van der Bergh; Dingemans, K. P.; Dankert, J.; Gouma, Dirk J.

doi:10.1006/jsre.1997.5192

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Besides the translocating microorganisms, inflammatory cells like neutrophils and macrophages migrate to the intestinal wall, releasing radical oxygen species (ROS) and mediators that act on local and distant tissues. Shock, trauma, endotoxaemia, intestinal obstruction, burn, obstructive jaundice and mesenteric ischaemia are some of the causes that have been investigated 2–8 . Translocation of Gram‐negative aerobic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Proteus and Klebsiella has been observed in these investigations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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N‐ACETYLCYSTEINE IMPROVES INTESTINAL BARRIER IN PARTIALLY HEPATECTOMIZED RATS

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Karadenizli

et al. 2007

ANZ Journal of Surgery

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shock, trauma, endotoxaemia, intestinal obstruction, burn, obstructive jaundice and mesenteric ischaemia are some of the causes that have been investigated. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Translocation of Gram-negative aerobic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Proteus and Klebsiella has been observed in these investigations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N‐ACETYLCYSTEINE IMPROVES INTESTINAL BARRIER IN PARTIALLY HEPATECTOMIZED RATS

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Karadenizli

et al. 2007

ANZ Journal of Surgery

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“…First, the experimental model was associated with substantial variability in outcomes, despite the broad experience with this model in our laboratory [8, 42–44]. The group sizes had to be extended during the study following interim analysis to overcome the considerable standard deviations, but were still inadequate to statistically resolve minor beneficial effects of ATV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atorvastatin does not protect against ischemia-reperfusion damage in cholestatic rat livers

et al. 2017

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BackgroundExtrahepatic cholestasis sensitizes the liver to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury during surgery for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. It is associated with pre-existent sterile inflammation, microvascular perfusion defects, and impaired energy status. Statins have been shown to protect against I/R injury in normal and steatotic mouse livers. Therefore, the hepatoprotective properties of atorvastatin were evaluated in a rat model of cholestatic I/R injury.MethodsMale Wistar rats were subjected to 70% hepatic ischemia (during 30 min) at 7 days after bile duct ligation. Rats were randomized to atorvastatin treatment or vehicle-control in three test arms: (1) oral treatment with 5 mg/kg during 7 days after bile duct ligation; (2) intravenous treatment with 2.5, 5, or 7.5 mg/kg at 24 h before ischemia; and (3) intravenous treatment with 5 mg/kg at 30 min before ischemia. Hepatocellular damage was assessed by plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and histological necrosis.ResultsI/R induced severe hepatocellular injury in the cholestatic rat livers (~10-fold increase in ALT at 6 h after I/R and ~30% necrotic areas at 24 h after I/R). Both oral and intravenous atorvastatin treatment decreased ALT levels before ischemia. Intravenous atorvastatin treatment at 5 mg/kg at 24 h before ischemia was the only regimen that reduced ALT levels at 6 h after reperfusion, but not at 24 h after reperfusion. None of the tested regimens were able to reduce histological necrosis at 24 h after reperfusion.ConclusionPre-treatment with atorvastatin did not protect cholestatic livers from hepatocellular damage after I/R. Clinical studies investigating the role of statins in the protection against hepatic I/R injury should not include cholestatic patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. These patients require (pharmacological) interventions that specifically target the cholestasis-associated hepatopathology.

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“…Adequate palliation is desirable as prolonged obstruction causes jaundice, pruritis and progressive hepatocellular dysfunction with alteration in host defence system due to retention of bile [8,9]. This follows altered permeability of blood-bile barrier allowing regurgitation of biliary constituents into blood circulation and endotoxemia [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Biliary drainage via PTBD alleviates icterus, resolves infection, restores most of the changes of the liver parenchyma and recovery of tight junction of hepatocytes and immune function [5][6][7]16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%