Bacterial resistance surveillance in China: a report from Mohnarin 2004–2005

Abstract

The aim of this study was to establish a nationwide antimicrobial resistant surveillance network and obtain information on bacterial resistance in China. A total of 4075 clinical bacterial isolates were collected from 17 hospitals in 15 cities throughout China. Antibacterial minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by the standard agar dilution method recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The results of the MICs revealed the following bacterial resistance characteristics. Oxacillin resistance was shown by 62.9% of Staphylococcus aureus and 82.89% of Staphylococcus epidermidis strains. Penicillin non-sensitivity was show by 40.7% of the Streptococcus pneumoniae strains, which included 10.5% penicillin-resistant strains and 30.2% penicillin-intermediate strains. Five strains of Enterococci were vancomycin-intermediate, but all Enterococci strains were sensitive to teicoplanin. All Staphylococci were susceptible to glycopeptides. A high resistance to macrolides was a predominant characteristic of the Gram-positive cocci. Enterobacteriaceae strains were clearly resistant to the third generation cephalosporins, with the exception of ceftazidime, and the resistance rates ranged from 20 to 70%. About 65% of the Escherichia coli strains were resistant to fluoroquinolones. Carbapenems remained highly active against all the target bacteria. Latamoxef, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoperazone/sulbactam and cefepime were all active against Enterobacteriaceae, which showed resistant rates of less than 10%. Imipenem resistance was found in 10.6% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 10.4% of Acinetobacter baumannii strains, most of which were multidrug resistant isolates. Combinations of beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor and fluoroquinolones also had potent antibacterial activity against non-fermenters. Amikacin was active against Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa. In conclusion, methicillin-resistant Staphylococci, penicillin-insensitive S. pneumoniae, macrolides-resistant Gram-positive cocci, cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, multidrug-resistant nonfermenters and fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli were revealed to be the most serious problems in terms of bacteria resistance in China. No glycopeptides-resistant Staphylococcus strains were isolated, and the appearance of glycopeptides-resistant Enterococci was seldom.

Association between virulence profile and fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from dogs and cats in China

“…Our study revealed high resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, and enrofloxacin, and showed a similar pattern found in another study among E. coli isolates from companion animals in China [20]. The resistance rate to fluoroquinolones (60.9%) was similar to that found in previous studies among foodproducing animals and humans in China [21,22], while it was significantly greater than the fluoroquinolone resistance rates (about 10%) in companion animals in the United States and Portugal [23,24]. Increased fluoroquinolone resistance can limit the treatment of E. coli infection in companion animals, and in turn may limit the treatment options in humans, who may contract E. coli infections from their pets.…”

Clinical analysis of central venous catheter-related infections in patients in the emergency ICU

“…Strains sensitive to antimicrobial drugs are inhibited, resulting in significant proliferation of drug-resistant strains and nosocomial infection. [7] A. baumannii infections accounted for 39.13% of gram-negative bacterial infections, which is similar to the result of sputum culture performed during the same period in our hospital. We believe these infections were nosocomial, possibly the result of poor hand hygiene during day-to-day care and contamination of the three-way tap of the infusion set.…”

Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenza in Cystic Fibrosis: 15 Years Experience

“…The wide use of aggressive antibiotic treatments in CF disease has resulted in an increased risk of emergent antibiotic resistance, as demonstrated in the pathogens S. aureus and P. aeruginosa [6]. The monitoring of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents may therefore provide scientific information that would be useful in developing guidelines for the rational use of antibiotics to prevent drug resistance.…”