Bacterial Populations on Teat Ends of Dairy Cows Housed in Free Stalls and Bedded with Either Sand or Sawdust

Zdanowicz, Malgorzata; Shelford, J. A.; Tucker, Cassandra B.; Weary, Daniel M.; Keyserlingk, M.A.G. von

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(04)73322-6

Cited by 155 publications

(197 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…RAPD type C was also isolated from a milking machine liner after milking of cows that did not shed K. pneumoniae at detectable levels. The same was true for RAPD type H. In our opinion, contamination of the liner with fecal matter or bedding material, either directly or via contamination on teat skin of the cows that were milked (17,37), is the most likely explanation for this observation. An oral-fecal transmission cycle has been suggested for K. pneumoniae in dairy herds, with fecal shedding resulting in the contamination of feed and water and subsequent reingestion of the organism, resulting in renewed fecal shedding (21).…”

Section: Vol 45 2007mentioning

confidence: 66%

Molecular Epidemiology of TwoKlebsiella pneumoniaeMastitis Outbreaks on a Dairy Farm in New York State

et al. 2007

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Klebsiella spp. have become an important cause of clinical mastitis in dairy cows in New York State. We describe the occurrence of two Klebsiella mastitis outbreaks on a single dairy farm. Klebsiella isolates from milk, feces, and environmental sources were compared using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR typing. The first mastitis outbreak was caused by a single strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae, RAPD type A, which was detected in milk from eight cows. RAPD type A was also isolated from the rubber liners of milking machine units after milking of infected cows and from bedding in the outbreak pen. Predominance of a single strain could indicate contagious transmission of the organism or exposure of multiple cows to an environmental point source. No new cases with RAPD type A were observed after implementation of intervention measures that targeted the prevention of transmission via the milking machine as well as improvement of environmental hygiene. A second outbreak of Klebsiella mastitis that occurred several weeks later was caused by multiple RAPD types, which rules out contagious transmission and indicates opportunistic infections originating from the environment. The diversity of Klebsiella strains as quantified with Simpson's index of discrimination was significantly higher for isolates from fecal, feed, and water samples than for isolates from milk samples. Several isolates from bedding material that had the phenotypic appearance of Klebsiella spp. were identified as being Raoultella planticola and Raoultella terrigena based on rpoB sequencing.

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Section: Vol 45 2007mentioning

confidence: 66%

Molecular Epidemiology of TwoKlebsiella pneumoniaeMastitis Outbreaks on a Dairy Farm in New York State

et al. 2007

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“…), and during year 2 approximately every 2.5 weeks (17 6 3.3 days). Previously published scoring systems use complex measurements (Hickey et al, 2002) or require the use of equipment while cattle are restrained (Zdanowicz et al, 2004;De Palo et al, 2006). Due to the large number of animals in this study, and in order to avoid movement of the cows to a holding area, a scoring system was developed that facilitated rapid assessment of the hygiene of unrestrained cows.…”

Section: Animal Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of out-wintering pad design on dirtiness score, somatic cell score and mastitis incidence in dairy cows

O’Driscoll

French²,

Meaney³

et al. 2008

Animal

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This study aimed to compare three woodchip out-wintering pad (OWP) designs, and indoor cubicle housing with regard to cow dirtiness scores during the winter housing period, and udder health during both the winter period and the following lactation, for spring-calving dairy cows. The treatments were: an uncovered (UP) and covered (CP) OWP with a concrete feed apron; an uncovered OWP with self-feed silage pit provided directly on the woodchips (SP); and indoor cubicle housing (IC). Data were compared during 2 years: year 1 was a case study while year 2 was an experimental study. In year 1, treatments were UP (space allowance 5 12 m 2 /cow), CP (6 m 2 /cow) and IC. In year 2, all three OWP designs (12 m 2 /cow) were compared with IC. Animals were assigned to treatments at the end of lactation in the autumn, and remained there while dry until calving the following spring. Subsequently, all cows were at pasture during lactation. Outcome measures for analysis were cow dirtiness score, somatic cell score (SCS) and incidence of clinical mastitis during the dry period and during lactation. Quarter milk samples were also taken at drying off, calving and 3 weeks post partum both years, and at approximately 113 days in milk in year 2. Samples were analysed for presence of mastitis-causing agents and SCS was determined. Sub-clinical mastitis was diagnosed when cows had an SCS greater than 200 000, or California mastitis test greater than 1 in at least one quarter. In year 1, cows in CP were dirtier than cows in the other two treatments. These animals also had the highest SCS during lactation and tended to have more mastitis-causing agents isolated from quarter milk samples. In year 2, when all cows were stocked at the same density, cows in the sheltered OWP (i.e. CP) had similar dirtiness scores to cows in cubicles and significantly lower dirtiness scores than cows in the unsheltered OWP designs, i.e. UP and SP. However, there were no effects on SCS or quarter sample results. Cleaning of OWP's stocked at 12 m 2 /cow reduced cow dirtiness scores. However, cleaning of CP in year 1 when cows were stocked at 6 m 2 /cow had no effect on dirtiness scores. We conclude that dry cows stocked at 12 m 2 /cow on OWP's are unlikely to have udder health problems in the subsequent lactation. Furthermore, provision of shelter and cleaning of the woodchips are management factors that help to keep cows clean on OWP's.

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“…New bedding material is added systematically and after periods as long as 1 year, the bedding can be entirely replaced and used as fertilizer (Barberg, Endres, & Janni, 2007;Janni et al, 2007). Tucker, Weary, & von Keyserlingk, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Trends and Associations between Compost Bedding Characteristics and Bedding Bacterial Concentrations

Favero¹,

Portilho²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2015

JAS

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The objectives were to quantify bedding concentrations of total bacteria and selected groups of mastitis pathogens (coliforms and streptococci), to identify bedding factors associated with these bacterial populations, and to describe longitudinal variation of bedding characteristics. Bedding samples from the superficial and deep (20 cm) layers were collected biweekly during 1 year from 3 compost bedded pack (CBP) dairies. Bedding bacterial concentrations and physical-chemical characteristics (moisture, organic matter, carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N), pH, and density) were determined. Mixed models were used to identify predictors for bacterial concentrations. Shewhart control charts were produced to describe longitudinal variation of bedding characteristics and define alerts of out-of-control variation. Bedding temperature was greater in the deep layer than on the surface (difference = 27.0, 12.1, and 14.4 °C for farms A, B and C, respectively). Except for farm B, bacterial concentrations were greater on the surface than in the deep layer. Organic matter and dry density were associated with concentration of total bacteria and coliforms. For all farms, C/N (positive association) and dry density (negative association) were associated with bedding concentration of streptococci. Deep temperature and moisture remained within the control limits defined in farm A and B during most of the period, whereas 7 and 9 alerts for temperature and moisture were observed on farm C, respectively. For all farms, organic matter, C/N, and pH exhibited great variation, resulting in several out-of-control alerts. Results of this study can be used to manage the CBP towards reducing cows' exposure to mastitis pathogens.

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Bacterial Populations on Teat Ends of Dairy Cows Housed in Free Stalls and Bedded with Either Sand or Sawdust

Cited by 155 publications

References 14 publications

Molecular Epidemiology of TwoKlebsiella pneumoniaeMastitis Outbreaks on a Dairy Farm in New York State

Molecular Epidemiology of TwoKlebsiella pneumoniaeMastitis Outbreaks on a Dairy Farm in New York State

The effect of out-wintering pad design on dirtiness score, somatic cell score and mastitis incidence in dairy cows

Longitudinal Trends and Associations between Compost Bedding Characteristics and Bedding Bacterial Concentrations

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