Bacterial Pneumonia in Dogs and Cats

Dear, Jonathan D.

doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2013.09.003

Cited by 53 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Nonneoplastic pulmonary mass lesions include pneumonia, abscesses, granulomas, hematoma, cavitary lesions such as bullae, blebs, and cysts, and lung lobe torson . In the group of inflammatory mass lesions, pneumonia is most frequently diagnosed in dogs with lower respiratory tract disease while cats suffer most commonly from bronchial disease . The most common mass lesions in the mediastinum are lymphoma, thymoma, bronchogenic and idiopathic mediastinal cysts, ectopic thyroid, chemodectoma, and some rare neoplasms …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography characteristics of intrathoracic mass lesions in 36 dogs and 24 cats

Rick

Kleiter

Schwendenwein

et al. 2018

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) is increasingly available for veterinary patients, however limited studies describe the use of this method for characterizing intrathoracic mass lesions. The aim of this prospective, observational study was to describe CEUS enhancement patterns for intrathoracic mass lesions in a sample of cats and dogs. Sixty patients (36 dogs, 24 cats) were included. Standardized CEUS examinations were performed for 41 pulmonary masses (68%) and 19 mediastinal masses (32%). Final diagnosis was based on cytology and/or histopathology. Absolute time to enhancement (TTE) values were recorded for the intrathoracic mass lesions and spleen. The spleen was used as a reference parenchymal organ to calculate relative TTE (rTTE) values. Absolute TTE of the spleen and intrathoracic mass lesions differed for dogs and cats (P = 0.001). The rTTE values significantly differed between lesions of neoplastic versus non‐neoplastic origin (P = 0.004). The majority of neoplastic pulmonary masses were supplied by bronchial arteries (63%), while most nonneoplastic pulmonary masses were supplied by pulmonary arteries (78%). The sensitivity and specificity for detecting pulmonary neoplastic masses with rTTE were 63% and 78%, respectively. Enhancement patterns for mediastinal thymomas and lymphomas significantly differed (P = 0.002). Thymomas enhanced heterogeneously in a centripetal pattern (86%), whereas lymphomas typically enhanced uniformly in a centrifugal pattern (75%). Findings indicated that CEUS is a feasible method for characterizing intrathoracic mass lesions in dogs and cats, however, the diagnostic sensitivity for detecting neoplastic pulmonary masses was low.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography characteristics of intrathoracic mass lesions in 36 dogs and 24 cats

Rick

Kleiter

Schwendenwein

et al. 2018

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…In the dog we reported, the main findings revealed by the complete cell count were marked leukocytosis (by neutrophilia), and mild normochromic anaemia. This result is expected because leukograms of domestic animals with bacterial pneumonia are characterized by neutrophilia with or without a left shift (Dear, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Pyogranulomatous pleuropneumonia caused by Nocardia asiatica in a dog coinfected with canine morbillivirus (canine distemper virus)

Ribeiro

Burema²,

Borges³

et al. 2019

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Nocardia asiatica causing pyogranulomatous pleuropneumonia is reported for the first time in a dog coinfected with canine morbillivirus (CM), diagnosed based on epidemiological, clinical, haematological, images, microbiological, histopathological, polymerase chain reaction and hsp65 gene sequencing findings. The immunosuppression of CM probably favoured the opportunistic behaviour of N. asiatica. Despite the therapeutic measures, the animal died, mainly due to respiratory distress. The association of methods to improve early diagnosis, therapy procedures and prognosis of canine nocardiosis is discussed, as well as the close relationship between pets and their owners, which may favour the transmission of pathogens such as Nocardia from pets‐to‐humans, which poses an emerging public health issue.

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“…CIRD is a superinfection by both virus and bacteria, with additional environmental stressors such as overcrowding in shelters (Dear, 2014). Chronic lung infection by microbial pathogens, in turn, exacerbates excessive mucus in dog airways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FOXA2 depletion leads to mucus hypersecretion in canine airways with respiratory diseases

Choi

Yang

Waltenburg

et al. 2018

Cellular Microbiology

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Because of exposure to environmental pollutants, infectious agents, and genetic predisposition, companion animals develop respiratory illnesses similar to those in humans. Older dogs of smaller breeds develop canine infectious respiratory disease, chronic bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with chronic lung infection, airway goblet cell hyperplasia and metaplasia, and mucus hypersecretion. Excessive mucus clogs airways, reduces gas exchanges, disables the mucociliary clearance, and reduces drug penetration. The Forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2) is a key transcriptional regulator that maintains airway mucus homeostasis. Prior studies have shown that FOXA2 expression is frequently depleted in diseased human airways. Unfortunately, FOXA2 depletion has not been examined in dogs. Our current study indicated that both single bacterial infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bordetella bronchiseptica and polymicrobial infection by viral/bacterial pathogens depleted FOXA2 in canine airways, resulting in goblet cell hyperplasia and metaplasia and excessive mucus production. Furthermore, P. aeruginosa virulence factor pyocyanin activated the antagonistic STAT6 and epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathways to inhibit FOXA2. Unravelling the mechanism of FOXA2 inactivation will hasten the development of non-antibiotic therapeutics to improve mucociliary clearance of pathogens in canine airway.

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Bacterial Pneumonia in Dogs and Cats

Cited by 53 publications

References 34 publications

Contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography characteristics of intrathoracic mass lesions in 36 dogs and 24 cats

Contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography characteristics of intrathoracic mass lesions in 36 dogs and 24 cats

Pyogranulomatous pleuropneumonia caused by Nocardia asiatica in a dog coinfected with canine morbillivirus (canine distemper virus)

FOXA2 depletion leads to mucus hypersecretion in canine airways with respiratory diseases

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