Bacterial Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections: A Four-Year Surveillance Study (2009–2012)

Abstract

The aims of this study were to assess the common bacterial microorganisms causing UTI and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in Bandar Abbas (Southern Iran) during a four-year period. In this retrospective study, samples with a colony count of ≥105 CFU/mL bacteria were considered positive; for these samples, the bacteria were identified, and the profile of antibiotic susceptibility was characterized. From the 19223 samples analyzed, 1513 (7.87%) were positive for bacterial infection. UTI was more frequent in male (54.9%). E. coli was reported the most common etiological agent of UTI (65.2%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (26%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.6%), and Staphylococcus coagulase positive (3.7%). Results of antimicrobial susceptibility analysis for E. coli to commonly used antibiotics are as follows: Amikacin (79.7%), Ofloxacin (78.3%), Gentamicin (71.6%), Ceftriaxone (41.8), Cefotaxime (41.4%), and Cefixime (27.8%). Empirical antibiotic selection should be based on awareness of the local prevalence of bacterial organisms and antibiotic sensitivities rather than on universal or even national guidelines. In this study, Amikacin and Gentamicin were shown to be the most appropriate antibiotics for empiric therapy of pyelonephritis, but empirical therapy should only be done by specialist physicians in cases where it is necessary while considering sex and age of children.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of uropathogens isolated from Cambodian children

“…In a number of epidemiological surveys, the commonest aetiological cause of UTI in children has been Escherichia coli. 5,6 Increasing levels of infection with extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli strains have been described in Phnom Penh, the capital of Cambodia, and neighbouring countries. [7][8][9] We report the species and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria causing UTIs in children attending a paediatric hospital in north-west Cambodia.…”

Prevalence of antibiotic resistance and blaIMP-1 gene among Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from burn and urinary tract infections in Isfahan, central Iran

“…17 We also found that P. aeruginosa strains harbored the high levels of resistance against commonly used antibiotic and especially streptomycin, nalidixic acid, aztreonam, cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime and gentamycin. Of studies which were conducted in this field, [18][19][20][21][22][23] all have shown a high distribution of antibiotic resistance against ampicillin, gentamycin, cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime and amikacin. Presence of considerable levels of resistance against imipenem have been reported previously from Iran, 19,20 Turkey, 24 India 25 and Indonesia.…”

“…Of studies which were conducted in this field, [18][19][20][21][22][23] all have shown a high distribution of antibiotic resistance against ampicillin, gentamycin, cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime and amikacin. Presence of considerable levels of resistance against imipenem have been reported previously from Iran, 19,20 Turkey, 24 India 25 and Indonesia. 26 Onguru et al (2008) 27 reported that the P. aeruginosa strains of various clinical sources were resistant to imipenem (44.1%) which was entirely high.…”

Bacterial Etiologies and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Urinary Tract Infections at the Pediatric Ward of Dastgheib Hospital, Shiraz, Iran: A Three-Year Study (2009 - 2011)

“…For example, in Tabriz (central laboratory of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, age group between 1.5 to 65 years old), Qazvin (Qoda pediatric hospital, age group between three months up to 12 years old) and Bandar Abbas (Children's hospital, age group one week to 16 years) the UTI ratios were 13.2%, 7.2% and 7.87%, respectively (14)(15)(16), compared with the present study with UTI ratio of 16.1%. Based on different studies, UTI is more prevalent in girls (3% -5%) than boys (1%) (17,18).…”