Bacterial Manipulation of Wnt Signaling: A Host-Pathogen Tug-of-Wnt

Rogan, Madison R.; Patterson, LaNisha L.; Wang, Jennifer Y.; McBride, Jere W.

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02390

Cited by 43 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…While the mechanism(s) of induction have not been identified, and may involve other elements of host signalling pathways (Smith and Moran 2020), upregulation of the host homeobox transcription factor Ultrabiothorax has been shown to be necessary for bacteriocyte differentiation in seed bug insects (Matsuura et al 2015) and aphids (Braendle et al 2003). In general, the symbionts that can influence host transcription do so by either modulating host signalling pathways upstream of transcriptional responses (Rogan et al 2019) or by mimicking host transcription factors, activators, and suppressors (Saijo and Schulze-Lefert 2008). Examples of these two strategies have been reported for diverse symbiotic systems and are detailed below.…”

Section: B Symbiont Co-option Of Host Signalling Pathways and Transmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interaction with host signalling pathways to induce transcriptional changes is the most commonly reported strategy for symbiont-induced modulation of host transcription. Symbionts may be predisposed to evolving this strategy because components of the host signalling cascades that induce immune responses are also used during development (Rogan et al 2019). This is likely another manifestation of pathway cross-talk discussed above.…”

Section: B Symbiont Co-option Of Host Signalling Pathways and Transmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is likely another manifestation of pathway cross-talk discussed above. Of the known signalling pathways, pathogens have been shown to frequently interact with the Notch, Wnt, and STAT3 signalling pathways (Hannemann et al 2013;Rogan et al 2019). The Wnt pathway is especially fruitful to exploit because its induction through canonical and non-canonical pathways can alter gene expression to manipulate immune responses and increase cell proliferation (Rogan et al 2019).…”

Section: B Symbiont Co-option Of Host Signalling Pathways and Transmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the known signalling pathways, pathogens have been shown to frequently interact with the Notch, Wnt, and STAT3 signalling pathways (Hannemann et al 2013;Rogan et al 2019). The Wnt pathway is especially fruitful to exploit because its induction through canonical and non-canonical pathways can alter gene expression to manipulate immune responses and increase cell proliferation (Rogan et al 2019). Additionally, Wnt signalling-induced transcription factor β-catenin is important for the activation of many genes including ones for adherens junction integrity, which is essential for epithelial integrity.…”

Section: B Symbiont Co-option Of Host Signalling Pathways and Transmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This process is illustrated by the obligate intracellular pathogen Chlamydia. This bacterium uses its ChlaDub1 effector protein to deubiquitinate β-catenin, preventing its degradation and enabling its transport to the nucleus where it serves as a transcription factor to activate genes invoking cell proliferation, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signalling, and apoptosis inhibition (Rogan et al 2019). As these examples illustrate, and given the importance of ubiquitination in normal host biology, it is not surprising that intracellular bacteria have evolved to interact with ubiquitin and its mechanisms for addition and removal.…”

Section: E Post-translational Modification Of Host Genetic Regulatomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends in symbiont-induced host cellular differentiation

Russell¹,

Castillo²

2020

Preprint

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Bacteria participate in a wide diversity of symbiotic associations with eukaryotic hosts that require precise interactions for bacterial recognition and persistence. Most commonly, host-associated bacteria interfere with host gene expression to modulate the immune response to the infection. However, many of these bacteria also interfere with host cellular differentiation pathways to create a hospitable niche, resulting in the formation of novel cell types, tissues, and organs. In both of these situations, bacterial symbionts must interact with eukaryotic regulatory pathways. Here, we detail what is known about how bacterial symbionts, from pathogens to mutualists, control host cellular differentiation across the central dogma, from epigenetic chromatin modifications, to transcription and mRNA processing, to translation and protein modifications. We identify four main trends from this survey. First, mechanisms for controlling host gene expression appear to evolve from symbionts co-opting cross-talk between host signalling pathways. Second, symbiont regulatory capacity is constrained by the processes that drive reductive genome evolution in host-associated bacteria. Third, the regulatory mechanisms symbionts exhibit correlate with the cost/benefit nature of the association. And, fourth symbiont mechanisms for interacting with host genetic regulatory elements are not bound by native bacterial capabilities. Using this knowledge, we explore how the ubiquitous intracellular Wolbachia symbiont of arthropods and nematodes may modulate host cellular differentiation to manipulate host reproduction. Our survey of the literature on how infection alters gene expression in Wolbachia and its hosts revealed that, despite their intermediate-sized genomes, different strains appear capable of a wide diversity of regulatory manipulations. Given this and Wolbachia’s diversity of phenotypes and eukaryotic-like proteins, we expect that many symbiont-induced host differentiation mechanisms will be discovered in this system.

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