Themes in Bacterial Pathogenesis

Prescott, John F.

doi:10.1002/9781119754862.ch1

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Other hand, there was no statistically signi cant difference observed (P > 0.05) between the occurrence of the Salmonella enterica with continuous access of calf to dam during the rst 24 hours, age, time of birth, type of delivery, birth location, herd size, age of dam at parturition and dam gestation number. (23,24). The involvement of E.coli K99 and Salmonella enterica in calf diarrhea have not been well studied in Ethiopia.…”

Section: Identi Cation Of Salmonella Enterica By Using Biolog Gen Iii...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Salmonella, and Escherichia Coli K99 from Diarrheic Calves in and Around Awash Fentale District of Afar Region, Eastern Ethiopia

Yosef,

Adem

2024

Preprint

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Background The global community is confronted with a significant challenge in the form of antimicrobial resistance, which affects both public and animal health. This phenomenon is greatly influenced by the widespread use of antimicrobial agents in various domains, including human medicine, veterinary practices, and other sectors. The increasing prevalence of drug resistance in E. coli and Salmonella spp. strains isolated from humans and animals has sparked a vigorous debate concerning the potential risks to public health associated with the utilization of antibiotics in animal production. Hence, the objective of this research was to assess the susceptibility of Salmonella enterica to antimicrobial agents and to detect the presence of Escherichia Coli K99 in diarrheic calves within the Awash Fentale District of the Afar Region, in Eastern Ethiopia. Objectives To assess antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Salmonella enterica, and to identify Escherichia Coli K99 from Diarrheic Calves in and Around Awash Fentale District of Afar Region, Eastern Ethiopia Methods The current cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to November 2023 with the aim to isolate and identify E. coli K99 and Salmonella enterica and associated risk factors for occurrence of these two pathogens. Fecal samples were collected from a total of 188 diarrheic calves aged up to 6 months from 150 households in Awash Fentale district Afar region, eastern Ethiopia. The samples were transported in ice box to Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology laboratory, microbiology department for isolation and identification of bacteria. Feces were stored at 4°C until the time of processing. These samples were processed during the study period for the isolation and identification of E.coli K99 and Salmonella enterica using culture media, biochemical tests, Pathasure kit and Biolog GEN III microplate. Data after laboratory test result was recorded in Microsoft excel® 2021 from prepared result recording format paper. The data was then imported to the software STATA windows version 14 (StataCorp LP, College Station, Texas, USA) for appropriate statistical analysis. Pearson Chi-square (X2) test followed by multivariable logistic regression analysis was utilized to assess the degree of association between each risk factor and calf diarrhea causing E.coli K99 and Salmonella enterica. An association was regarded as significant if the p-value is < 0.05. Result Out of 188 samples, 20.74% and 5.32% were found to be positive for E.coli K99 and Salmonella enterica respectively. Antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of Salmonella enterica were also investigated using 12 commonly used antibiotics. All isolates from calves were susceptible (100%) to amikacin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, ceftriaxone, cephalothin ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, gentamycin and trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to identify significant risk factors associated with examined bacteria. Thus, study showed that the occurrence of E. coli K99 in male calves was higher (25.27%) than in female calves (16.49%). This might be the reason that more care is given to female calves than male calves. Because female calves are needed by the pastoralist were compared with male calves for milk production. On the other hand, age and colostrum feeding within 24 hours were significantly associated with Salmonella enterica shedding. Calf age was significantly associated with Salmonella enterica (P = 0.014, OR = 13.15, 95% CI = 1.677-103.127). The highest occurrence of Salmonella enterica was recorded in the 61–120 days of age (13.79%) than 1–60 days of age (2.86%) and 121–180 days of age (10.53%) diarrheic calves. Conclusion The isolation and identification of bacteria, as well as the assessment of risk factors linked to the transmission of bacteria causing diarrhea, can prove beneficial in developing effective strategies for prevention and control.

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Section: Identi Cation Of Salmonella Enterica By Using Biolog Gen Iii...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Salmonella, and Escherichia Coli K99 from Diarrheic Calves in and Around Awash Fentale District of Afar Region, Eastern Ethiopia

Yosef,

Adem

2024

Preprint

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“…With bacterial colonization, attachment also occurs to the walls of the root canal assisted by an aggregation agent. [21] Adhesion surface is a protein localized on the surface of bacterial cells that is useful for mediating plasmid exchange between recipient and donor strains. This way, genetic material such as antibiotic resistance can be transferred to other E. faecalis.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Arabica Coffee Bean Extract (Coffea arabica) as a Growth Inhibitor of Enterococcus Faecalis ATCC 29212

Pohan

Silaban

2023

Eximia

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Arabica coffee seeds contain caffeine, chlorogenic acid, flavonoids, and trigonelline. This study aims to test the antibacterial of Arabica coffee seed extract against the bacterium Enterococcus faecalis at concentrations of 1,5625%, 3,125%, 6,25%, 12,5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%. The extraction method uses maceration with solvent 96%. The Kirby and Bauer diffusion test used the antibacterial activity test method. The results showed that mango seed extract could provide inhibition starting from 3,125% with an average diameter of inhibition zone of 1,16 mm to the largest concentration of 100% with an average zone diameter of inhibition of 14,6 mm. At the same time, the average diameter of the inhibitory zone of antibiotic ampicillin at a concentration of 1% as a control (+) is 24,6 mm. The results showed that the greater concentration, the greater the inhibitory zones are formed.

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“…Streptococcus agalactiae is one of the serious bacterial pathogens that cause the disease in humans, animals and aquatic species (Pang et al, 2017;Collin et al, 2020). In aquaculture, S. agalactiae is responsible for severe disease outbreaks in both freshwater and marine environments (Prescott et al, 2022). Particularly, S. agalactiae has been shown to cause significant mortality in intensive tilapia, including red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of hydrogen peroxidase-inactivated vaccine against Streptococcus agalactiae infection in red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) via different routes of administration

Nhu,

Bich,

Duy

et al. 2024

VIS

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Hydrogen peroxidase-inactivated vaccines have recently developed in controlling infectious diseases in aquaculture. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of the hydrogen peroxidase-inactivated Streptococcus agalactiae vaccine via different delivery routes (injection, immersion, and oral administration) in red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) without using adjuvant. Fish were randomly divided into 4 groups including G1: Control treatment (without vaccine), G2: vaccine-based diet (oral administration), G3: vaccinated by immersion and G4: vaccinated by injection. After 6 weeks of the experiment, fish were intraperitoneally injected with S. agalactiae and the mortality was recorded in 14 days. The results showed that lysozyme activity was differentially increased according to the delivery routes of vaccine, organs and time of sampling. However, the specific antibody levels in all vaccinated groups were only increased in week 6 post-vaccination. After the challenge test with S. agalactiae, the serum lysozyme levels in G3 and G4 were significantly higher than the control group (G1), while the total white blood cells and specific antibody levels were significantly increased in G2 and G4 compared to the control (G1). Similarly, the hydrogen peroxidase-inactivated vaccine statistically reduced the cumulative mortality in G2 (35.29%) and G4 (28.95%) compared to G1 (44.12%) after injected with the S. agalactiae. These results showed that the vaccine delivery routes by oral administration or injection may decrease the pathogen and show better protection for red tilapia than the immersion method. Further studies will be investigated to improve the efficacy of hydrogen peroxidaseinactivated vaccine via using different adjuvants.

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Themes in Bacterial Pathogenesis

Cited by 4 publications

References 35 publications

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Salmonella, and Escherichia Coli K99 from Diarrheic Calves in and Around Awash Fentale District of Afar Region, Eastern Ethiopia

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Salmonella, and Escherichia Coli K99 from Diarrheic Calves in and Around Awash Fentale District of Afar Region, Eastern Ethiopia

Effect of Arabica Coffee Bean Extract (Coffea arabica) as a Growth Inhibitor of Enterococcus Faecalis ATCC 29212

Effects of hydrogen peroxidase-inactivated vaccine against Streptococcus agalactiae infection in red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) via different routes of administration

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