Bacterial l-leucine catabolism as a source of secondary metabolites

Díaz-Pérez, Alma Laura; Díaz-Pérez, César; Campos-Garcı́a, Jesús

doi:10.1007/s11157-015-9385-3

Cited by 36 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 252 publications

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“…Microorganisms can deaminate BCAAs to αketoisovaleric and α-keto-β-methylvaleric acids, the precursors of BCFAs (Thierry et al, 2002). Branched chain aminotransferase (BcaT) and branched chain-α-ketoacid dehydrogenase can yield α-ketoisocaproic acid and isovaleryl-CoA, respectively, which can be converted into BCFAs (Díaz-Pérez et al, 2016). Tremaroli et al (2015) showed that the microbial pathways in RYGB and VBG participants shifted from carbohydrate to protein fermentation.…”

Section: Bariatric Surgeries Change the Microbial Diversity In The Gutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinctive microbiomes and metabolites linked with weight loss after gastric bypass, but not gastric banding

et al. 2017

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Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) are anatomically different bariatric operations. RYGB achieves greater weight loss compared with LAGB. Changes in the gut microbiome have been documented after RYGB, but not LAGB, and the microbial contribution to sustainable surgical weight loss warrants further evaluation. We hypothesized that RYGB imposes greater changes on the microbiota and its metabolism than LAGB, and that the altered microbiota may contribute to greater weight loss. Using multi-omic approaches, we analyzed fecal microbial community structure and metabolites of pre-bariatric surgery morbidly obese (PreB-Ob), normal weight (NW), post-RYGB, and post-LAGB participants. RYGB microbiomes were significantly different from those from NW, LAGB and PreB-Ob. Microbiome differences between RYGB and PreB-Ob populations were mirrored in their metabolomes. Diversity was higher in RYGB compared with LAGB, possibly because of an increase in the abundance of facultative anaerobic, bile-tolerant and acid-sensible microorganisms in the former. Possibly because of lower gastric acid exposure, phylotypes from the oral cavity, such as Escherichia, Veillonella and Streptococcus, were in greater abundance in the RYGB group, and their abundances positively correlated with percent excess weight loss. Many of these post-RYGB microorganisms are capable of amino-acid fermentation. Amino-acid and carbohydrate fermentation products-isovalerate, isobutyrate, butyrate and propionate-were prevalent in RYGB participants, but not in LAGB participants. RYGB resulted in greater alteration of the gut microbiome and metabolome than LAGB, and RYGB group exhibited unique microbiome composed of many amino-acid fermenters, compared with nonsurgical controls.

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Section: Bariatric Surgeries Change the Microbial Diversity In The Gutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinctive microbiomes and metabolites linked with weight loss after gastric bypass, but not gastric banding

et al. 2017

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“…In this screening, incubation of Rv2498c with HMG-CoA generated a product with a retention time similar to acetyl-CoA (Ac-CoA) and consumed exactly half of the HMG-CoA racemic mixture, suggesting absolute stereospecificity ( Fig 1a ); the stereoisomer ( S )-HMG-CoA is a known metabolic intermediate in the leucine catabolic pathway, which is incompletely annotated in Mtb, while the role of the stereoisomer ( R )-HMG-CoA is not well understood. [22] To unambiguously determine the stereospecificity of Rv2498c for HMG-CoA, we eliminated either the ( R )- or ( S )-isomer of HMG-CoA by taking advantage of the known stereospecific HMG-CoA lyases, P. aeruginosa PA0883 and PA2011. [18] Interestingly, we found that Rv2498c is a lyase specific for the ( R )-HMG-CoA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of a novel stereospecific β-hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase/thioesterase shared by three metabolic pathways inMycobacterium tuberculosis

Wang

Fedorov

et al. 2018

Preprint

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The vast number of poorly characterised enzymes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is one of the key barriers precluding a better understanding of the biology that underpins pathogenesis. Here, we investigated the Mtb orphan enzyme Rv2498c to delineate its physiological role. Our results from in vitro enzymatic assays, phylogenetic analysis, X-ray crystallography and in vivo Mtb experiments, de-orphan Rv2498c as a multi-functional βhydroxyacyl-CoA lyase/thioesterase (β-HAClyase/thioesterase) that participates in three different metabolic pathways: L-leucine catabolism, itaconate dissimilation, and glyoxylate shunt. Moreover, the deletion of the rv2498c gene from the Mtb genome resulted in attenuation in the mouse model compared to infection with the parent strain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an (R)-3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA for leucine catabolism and an itaconate-specific resistance mechanism in Mtb.

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“…Leucine and ketoisocarproic acid are the main substrates in the HICA catabolic pathway in bacteria. Isovaleric acid is the final product of leucine oxidization, while reduction promotes the final product of isocaproic acid 38 . Acidic stress in L .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid production in lactic acid bacteria and evaluation of microbial dynamics during kimchi ripening

Park¹,

Hwang²,

Chang³

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Lactic acid bacteria produce diverse functional metabolites in fermented foods. However, little is known regarding the metabolites and the fermentation process in kimchi. In this study, the culture broth from Leuconostoc lactis, a lactic acid bacterium isolated from kimchi, was analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and identified by the MS-DIAL program. The MassBank database was used to analyse the metabolites produced during fermentation. A mass spectrum corresponding to 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid (HICA) was validated based on a collision-induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation pattern with an identified m/z value of 131.07. HICA production by lactic acid bacteria was monitored and showed a positive correlation with hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenases (HicDs), which play a key role in the production of HICA from leucine and ketoisocaproic acid. Interestingly, the HICA contents of kimchi varied with Leuconostoc and Lactobacillus content during the early stage of fermentation, and the addition of lactic acid bacteria enhanced the HICA content of kimchi. Our results suggest that HICA production in kimchi is dependent on the lactic acid bacterial composition.

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Bacterial l-leucine catabolism as a source of secondary metabolites

Cited by 36 publications

References 252 publications

Distinctive microbiomes and metabolites linked with weight loss after gastric bypass, but not gastric banding

Distinctive microbiomes and metabolites linked with weight loss after gastric bypass, but not gastric banding

Discovery of a novel stereospecific β-hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase/thioesterase shared by three metabolic pathways inMycobacterium tuberculosis

Identification of 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid production in lactic acid bacteria and evaluation of microbial dynamics during kimchi ripening

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