Bacterial infection of endometrial stromal cells influences bovine herpesvirus 4 immediate early gene activation: a new insight into bacterial and viral interaction for uterine disease

Abstract

Experimental infection with the g-herpesvirus bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) rarely establishes disease, yet BoHV-4 is commonly associated with uterine disease in cattle. Uterine disease involves co-infection with bacteria such as Escherichia coli, which stimulate the production of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) by endometrial cells. BoHV-4 replication depends on immediate early 2 (IE2) gene transactivation and, in the present study, PGE 2 , E. coli or its lipopolysaccharide upregulated the IE2 gene promoter in uterine cells. Bacterial co-infection is important for BoHV-4 uterine disease.

Cellular Targeting of Engineered Heterologous Antigens Is a Determinant Factor for Bovine Herpesvirus 4-Based Vaccine Vector Development

“…Not surprisingly, this strategy is indeed used by cells, although not very often, in particular for the coordinated on April 29, 2019 by guest http://cvi.asm.org/ as a BAC was employed. Although BoHV-4 is considered a virus without a clear disease association and only a few investigators have successfully produced an experimental disease (10), the idea of BoHV-4 involvement in bovine postpartum metritis, despite only as a secondary agent along with other agents like bacteria, is going to become consistent (6,7). The existence of a BoHV-4 biotype potentially able to be correlated with a particular lesion cannot be absolutely excluded when a virus is going to be exploited as a gene delivery vector.…”

Diversity and health status specific fluctuations of intrauterine microbial communities in postpartum dairy cows

“…Up to day, antagonistic and synergistic effects between uterine bacteria are still discussed controversially and further research, including in vitro interaction and competition studies using microbes derived from the bovine uterus is necessary (Dohmen et al, 1995;Wagener et al, 2014b). It is also important to note that viral-bacterial synergism might exist, as for instance reported between bovine herpesvirus 4 and E. coli (Donofrio et al, 2008). Since synergistic effects between pathogenic bacteria have been reported for T. pyogenes, F. necrophorum and P. melaninogenicus, (Ruder et al, 1981;Olson et al, 1984), it might be interesting to include anaerobic bacteria in future studies.…”

Changes in protein expression profiles in bovine endometrial epithelial cells exposed to E. coli LPS challenge

“…For the cow endometrium, E. coli is one of the most prevalent bacteria isolated in metritis 6,11,12 and paves the way for infection by other bacteria or viruses 13,14 . A major component explaining the pathogenicity of E coli is related to the interaction of LPS with the host tissue 12,15 .…”