Bacterial Infection and Immune Responses in Lutzomyia longipalpis Sand Fly Larvae Midgut

Heerman, Matthew C.; Weng, Ju‐Lin; Hurwitz, Ivy; Durvasula, Ravi; Ramalho-Ortigão, Marcelo

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003923

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…Combating other diseases or pests with the use of paratransgenesis. Pantoea agglomerans also occurs commonly in the gut of sand flies Lutzomyia longipalpis and Phlebotomus papatasi which are vectors of leishmaniasis, a disease caused by the protozoan parasites belonging to Leishmania genus [74,75]. Paratransgenesis with the use of P. agglomerans is therefore also considered in the case of this vector-borne disease.…”

Section: Fighting Of Diseases Transmitted By Arthropod Vectors and Armentioning

confidence: 99%

<i>Pantoea agglomerans</i>: a mysterious bacterium of evil and good. Part IV. Beneficial effects

Dutkiewicz¹,

Maćkiewicz²,

Lemieszek

et al. 2016

Ann Agric Environ Med.

115

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Pantoea agglomerans, a gammaproteobacterium of plant origin, possesses many beneficial traits that could be used for the prevention and/or treatment of human and animal diseases, combating plant pathogens, promotion of plant growth and bioremediation of the environment. It produces a number of antibiotics (herbicolin, pantocins, microcin, agglomerins, andrimid, phenazine, among others) which could be used for combating plant, animal and human pathogens or for food preservation. Japanese researchers have demonstrated that the low-molecular-mass lipopolysaccharide of P. agglomerans isolated by them and described as 'Immunopotentiator from Pantoea agglomerans 1 (IP-PA1)' reveals the extremely wide spectrum of healing properties, mainly due to its ability for the maintenance of homeostasis by macrophage activation. IP-PA1 was proved to be effective in the prevention and treatment of a broad range of human and animal disorders, such as tumours, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, ulcer, various infectious diseases, atopic allergy and stress-induced immunosuppression; it also showed a strong analgesic effect. It is important that most of these effects could be achieved by the safe oral administration of IP-PA1. Taking into account that P. agglomerans occurs commonly as a symbiont of many species of insects, including mosquitoes transmitting the Plasmodium parasites causing malaria, successful attempts were made to apply the strategy of paratransgenesis, in which bacterial symbionts are genetically engineered to express and secrete anti-Plasmodium effector proteins. This strategy shows prospects for a successful eradication of malaria, a deadly disease killing annually over one million people, as well as of other vector-borne diseases of humans, animals and plants. Pantoea agglomerans has been identified as an antagonist of many plant pathogens belonging to bacteria and fungi, as a result of antibiotic production, competition mechanisms or induction of plant resistance. Its use as a biocontrol agent permits the decrease of pesticide doses, being a healthy and environmental-friendly procedure. The application of the preparations of this bacterium efficiently protects the stored pome, stone and citrus fruits against invasion of moulds. P. agglomerans strains associated with both rhizosphere and plant tissues (as endophytes) efficiently promote the growth of many plants, including rice and wheat, which are the staple food for the majority of mankind. The promotion mechanisms are diverse and include fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, production of phytohormones, as well as degradation of phytate and phosphate solubilizing which makes the soil phosphorus available for plants. Accordingly, P. agglomerans is regarded as an ideal candidate for an environmental-friendly bioinoculant replacing chemical fertilizers. It has been documented that the Pantoea strains show biodegradation activity on various chemical pollutants of soil and water, including petroleum hydrocarbons and toxic metals. P. agglomerans prevents the penetration of harmful...

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Section: Fighting Of Diseases Transmitted By Arthropod Vectors and Armentioning

confidence: 99%

<i>Pantoea agglomerans</i>: a mysterious bacterium of evil and good. Part IV. Beneficial effects

Dutkiewicz¹,

Maćkiewicz²,

Lemieszek

et al. 2016

Ann Agric Environ Med.

115

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“…perfiliewi and Lutzomyia longipalpis 78910111213141516. Regarding the microbial contributions to the physiology of sand flies, gut bacteria have been shown to play roles in development17 and immunity1819. In addition, evidence has become available that resident microorganisms in the gut are able to inhibit Leishmania infections2021.…”

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confidence: 99%

Diversity of bacteriome associated with Phlebotomus chinensis (Diptera: Psychodidae) sand flies in two wild populations from China

Chen

Jiang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Sand fly Phlebotomus chinensis is a primary vector of transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in China. The sand flies have adapted to various ecological niches in distinct ecosystems. Characterization of the microbial structure and function will greatly facilitate the understanding of the sand fly ecology, which would provide critical information for developing intervention strategy for sand fly control. In this study we compared the bacterial composition between two populations of Ph. chinensis from Henan and Sichuan, China. The phylotypes were taxonomically assigned to 29 genera of 19 families in 9 classes of 5 phyla. The core bacteria include Pseudomonas and enterobacteria, both are shared in the sand flies in the two regions. Interestingly, the endosymbionts Wolbachia and Rickettsia were detected only in Henan, while the Rickettsiella and Diplorickettsia only in Sichuan. The intracellular bacteria Rickettsia, Rickettsiella and Diplorickettsia were reported for the first time in sand flies. The influence of sex and feeding status on the microbial structure was also detected in the two populations. The findings suggest that the ecological diversity of sand fly in Sichuan and Henan may contribute to shaping the structure of associated microbiota. The structural classification paves the way to function characterization of the sand fly associated microbiome.

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“…Telleria et al (2013) reported that L. longipalpis modulates defensin expression upon bacterial and Leishmania infection, with patterns of expression that are distinct among bacterial species and routes of infection. Also, Heerman et al (2015) stated the midgut microbial community in insect vectors of disease proved crucial for an effective immune response against infection with various human and animal pathogens. They added that that during development, the sand flies harbor a wide variety of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, acquired as larval stages from the soil, and the abundance and distribution of these microorganisms varied depending on the sand fly species or the breeding site.…”

Section: Review and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sand-Fly Phlebotomus Papatasi ( Phlebotominae ) : A General Review with Special Reference to Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Egypt

Saleh¹,

Labib²,

Abdel-Fattah³

2015

JESP

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Leishmania are digenetic protozoa which inhabit two hosts, the sandfly where they grow as promastigotes in the gut, and the mammalian macrophage where they grow as amastigotes. Sandfly (or sand fly) is a colloquial name for any species or genus of flying, biting, bloodsucking Dipteran encountered in sandy areas. In the United States, sandfly may refer to certain horse flies that are also known as "greenheads" (family Tabanidae), or to members of the family Ceratopogonidae, also known in Florida and elsewhere as a sand gnat, sandflea, no-see-um (no-see-em, noseeum), granny nipper, chitra, punkie, or punky. Outside the United States, sandfly may refer to members of the subfamily Phlebotominae within the Psychodidae. Biting midges (Ceratopogonidae) are sometimes called sand flies or no-see-ums (no-see-em, noseeum). New Zealand sandflies are in the Austrosimulium genus, a type of black fly. Of 500 known phlebotomine species, only some 30 of them have been positively identified as vectors of the disease. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is a protozoan disease well documented not only in Egypt, but in nearly all the East Mediterranean Countries. It is prevalent in the Egyptian Sinai Peninsula with at least three identified foci.

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Bacterial Infection and Immune Responses in Lutzomyia longipalpis Sand Fly Larvae Midgut

Cited by 25 publications

References 49 publications

<i>Pantoea agglomerans</i>: a mysterious bacterium of evil and good. Part IV. Beneficial effects

<i>Pantoea agglomerans</i>: a mysterious bacterium of evil and good. Part IV. Beneficial effects

Diversity of bacteriome associated with Phlebotomus chinensis (Diptera: Psychodidae) sand flies in two wild populations from China

Sand-Fly Phlebotomus Papatasi ( Phlebotominae ) : A General Review with Special Reference to Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Egypt

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