Bacterial Flora of the Normal Skin

Pillsbury, Donald M.; Livingood, Clarence S.; Nichols, Anna C.

doi:10.1001/archderm.1942.01500070065005

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Many in vitro and in vivo investigations have demonstrated a relationship between skin surface pH and skin flora and the positive effect of a slightly acidic skin surface milieu [30][31][32][33][34][35] . Due to age-related microbiological variations [72][73][74][75] , the question was raised of whether it is possible to stabilize the resident flora via long-term treatment with acidic products.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relationship between skin surface pH and skin flora has been known for a long time and has been shown in many in vitro and in vivo investigations [30][31][32][33][34][35] . In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that a pH of 5.0 inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus; however, species of the normal resident flora are positively affected by the physiologically slightly acidic milieu [32][33][34]36] .…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Long-Term Study to Evaluate Acidic Skin Care Treatment in Nursing Home Residents: Impact on Epidermal Barrier Function and Microflora in Aged Skin

Blaak¹,

Kaup²,

Hoppe³

et al. 2015

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Background: The pH of the stratum corneum (SC) in the elderly is elevated and linked to impaired SC function. Therefore, this paper addresses the question of whether acidic skin care generates positive clinical, biophysical, and microbiological effects in aged skin. Methods: This study was performed to assess skin care effects in nursing home residents (aged 80-97 years). Visual, biophysical, and microbiological methods were used. Subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups and treated over 7 weeks with skin care products adjusted to a pH of 4.0 (group A) or a pH of 6.0 (group B). Results: Compared to baseline, SC integrity improved significantly in group A (p = 0.007), whereas there was no change in group B (p = 0.672). SC recovery 24 h after perturbation increased significantly in group A (p = 0.004) compared to baseline. The SC recovery in group B was not significant compared to baseline (p = 0.327). Conclusion: Long-term treatment with pH 4.0 skin care results in a significant improvement in epidermal barrier function compared to identical products with a pH of 6.0. In addition, effects on skin dryness and resident flora were demonstrated, but without significant differences, between the 2 groups. Based on these results, we recommend adjustment of skin care products for the elderly to a pH of 4.0 to maintain the health of aged skin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Long-Term Study to Evaluate Acidic Skin Care Treatment in Nursing Home Residents: Impact on Epidermal Barrier Function and Microflora in Aged Skin

Blaak¹,

Kaup²,

Hoppe³

et al. 2015

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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“…The in vitro killing curve of this extract suggested that the lipid might be oleic acid . Pillsbury and Rebell (1952) showed that many fatty acids present in sebaceous secretions, especially caproic and caprylic acids , were bactericidal in laboratory media upon several organisms. These studies were then extended to the in vivo experiments by Lacey (1968).…”

Section: Fatty Acids As Self'-disinfectant In the Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Aspects of Longchain Fatty Acids as Cell Surface Events: Selected Topics

Kanai

Kondo

1979

JJMSB

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“…The predominant bacteria are the Gram-positive, coagulase-negative staphylococci or micrococci, aerobic diphtheroids and Corynebucterium acnes which is anaerobic and resides primarily in pilosebaceous units. There are also yeasts usually classified as Pityrosporum species (Pillsbury & Rebell, 1952). A small percentage of people may be carriers of coliforms or bacteria of the tribe Mimeae (Taplin, Rebell & Zaias, 1963).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Human Cutaneous Lipophilic Diphtheroids

Smith

1969

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARYSixty lipophilic diphtheroids (LD) isolated from human skin were characterized by a variety of morphological, biochemical, physiological and nutritional tests. The LD strains were tentatively placed into six fermentative groups and one non-fermentative group. Most LD strains required amino nitrogen, others required vitamins plus amino acids for growth. Nine LD isolates initiated growth with ammonia as a sole nitrogen source. Urea and nitrate were not utilized. A total of 149 cutaneous bacteria were compared for esterase and lipase action. Esterase activity was common but few LD strains appear capable of obtaining their required lipids by their own lipase action. The grouping scheme derived from studies with the 60 LD strains was tested as a screening procedure to recognize and categorize other LD strains. A second series of 115 cultures from seven cutaneous sites were isolated. Six of the original seven groups were identified and one additional subgroup was formed. The screening method was partially effective as a means of studying the location and types of LD strains on skin. There were 31 strains which by determinative features could be grouped as Corynebacterium xerosis-like species. Human skin appears to have an unrecognized diversity of lipophilic corynebacteria yet to be classified into species.

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Bacterial Flora of the Normal Skin

Cited by 19 publications

References 7 publications

A Long-Term Study to Evaluate Acidic Skin Care Treatment in Nursing Home Residents: Impact on Epidermal Barrier Function and Microflora in Aged Skin

A Long-Term Study to Evaluate Acidic Skin Care Treatment in Nursing Home Residents: Impact on Epidermal Barrier Function and Microflora in Aged Skin

Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Aspects of Longchain Fatty Acids as Cell Surface Events: Selected Topics

Characterization of Human Cutaneous Lipophilic Diphtheroids

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