Bacterial Flora of the Hemolymph of the Blue Crab, Callinectes sapidus: Most Probable Numbers

Tubiash, Haskell S.; Sizemore, Ronald K.; Colwell, Rita R.

doi:10.1128/aem.29.3.388-392.1975

Cited by 52 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Although presence of bacteria in the haemolymph of Crustacea was previously interpreted as a disease indicator (Lightner 1975;Lightner & Lewis 1975), now it is viewed as a natural process (Gómez-Gil et al 1998 1992). Bacterial density does not often exceed 10 À3 -10 À4 CFU mL À1 of haemolymph (Tubiash et al 1975;Welsh & Sizemore 1985;Gómez-Gil et al 1998) in 88.3% of the analysed organisms (Bartlett et al 2008). All the above mentioned studies clearly support the need to know the bacterial populations in the haemolymph of healthy crustaceans to correctly interpret diagnostic results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Assessment of the effects of confinement in the spider crabMaja brachydactylaBlass, 1922 broodstock

Rotllant¹,

Roque²,

Solé

et al. 2011

Aquac Res

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Adults from spider crab, Maja brachydactyla, Balss, 1922 were kept in captivity for up to 2 years. Haemolymph of ten females was extracted monthly for monitoring several metabolites and the presence of Vibrionacea bacteria. A neurotoxic marker and hepatic metabolic and digestive enzyme capacities were contrasted between wild specimens and those reared in captivity. As a result, no differences were observed in hepatosomatic index (HSI) between males and females, but captive animals presented lower HSI than the wild ones. After 2 years of confinement, no changes in quantities of haemolymph microflora and metabolites were observed and this was considered indicative of adaptation of the broodstock to confinement. Spider crab also showed a large plasticity in their hepatopancreatic digestive capabilities suggested by the adaptation to the food supplied in captivity. Moreover, captivity conditions did not seem to negatively alter their antioxidant defences, xenobiotic capacity or neuromuscular activity, as no enhanced oxidative stress damage was shown in either males or females. These results indicate that although the confinement conditions used in this study do not mimic those from the wild, they could be considered as adequate for rearing M. brachydactyla in captivity, at least with regard to the set of parameters assessed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Assessment of the effects of confinement in the spider crabMaja brachydactylaBlass, 1922 broodstock

Rotllant¹,

Roque²,

Solé

et al. 2011

Aquac Res

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“…Tubiash et al (1975) assumed the infections occurred during injury, while Davis and Sizemore (1982) suggested that the digestive tract was the source due to the similarity of species composition and plausible mechanism for transfer. Later work by Sizemore and Davis (1985) matched biotypes isolated from gills, carapace, haemolymph and faeces and came to the same conclusion as Tubiash et al (1975) that carapace and frequent exposure during moulting and injury are the most likely sources. The impact of Vibrio-related bacteraemia on the host organism and factors leading to elevated concentrations has similarly been addressed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus , and Vibrio vulnificus in blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus ), seawater and sediments of the Maryland Coastal Bays

et al. 2014

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Aims: To determine the prevalence of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) and V. vulnificus (Vv) in blue crabs, water and sediment from the Maryland Coastal Bays (MCBs), USA. Methods and Results: Crab, haemolymph, sediment and seawater samples were collected monthly from four sites in MCBs from February 2012 through October 2012 with environmental parameters recorded. The most-probablenumber (MPN) methodology was used to enumerate Vp and Vv with presumptive colonies and the presence of virulence markers confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results indicate that blue crabs contained both Vp and Vv at densities (7Á28 and 5Á43 log MPN g À1 , respectively) higher than those reported for bivalves. In addition, markers for clinically relevant strains of both species were detected in over 30% of samples. Haemolymph, sediment and seawater samples were also routinely positive for both species and clinically relevant strains, but generally at lower densities than found in crabs (4Á27, 3Á28, and 2Á39 log MPN g À1 per ml À1 Vp, and 4Á28, 2Á49 and 2Á38 log MPN g À1 per ml À1 Vv). Conclusions: Blue crabs concentrate Vp and Vv at levels greater than found in water or sediment. While changes in abundance associated with temperature are apparent, there is little evidence to support differences among sampling locations. Significance and Impact of the Study: These results highlight the potential for blue crab related vibriosis and the importance of proper handling, cooking and care of this popular seafood before consumption. IntroductionBlue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) exist along the western border of the Atlantic Ocean from the Canadian province, Nova Scotia down to Argentina (Reichmuth et al. 2009). They are of ecological and economic importance and require an estuarine environment such as the Chesapeake Bay and the Maryland Coastal Bays (MCBs) for growth.Ecologically, blue crabs perform many roles in the estuarine food web depending upon life stage (Reichmuth et al. 2009). Blue crabs are also a very popular delicacy in the US Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coastal areas. In 2011, the Chesapeake Bay crab fishery had a total harvest of 67Á3 million pounds. According to the 2012 annual winter dredge survey completed by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources, the blue crab population had increased 66% to 764 million. This

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“…The majority of the crayfish sampled had bacteria in the hemolymph, irrespective of the crayfish species and the sites from which the animals originated . A study of the marine-dwelling blue crab Callinectes sapidus also revealed that a large proportion of the animals (82%) had moderate to heavy bacterial contamination in the circulatory system (Tubiash et al . 1975) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibriosis Due toVibrio mimicusin Australian Freshwater Crayfish

Wong¹,

Fowler²,

Desmarchelier³

1995

Journal of Aquatic Animal Health

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The pathogenicity of Vibrio mimicus for two commercially cultured species of Australian freshwater crayfish, the yabbie Cherax albidus and the red claw Cherax quadricarinatus was investigated . Total aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts were obtained from hemolymph extracted from live crayfish . Bacteria were found in the hemolymph of 100% of C. albidus and 98% of C. quadricarinatus sampled; 45% and 54% of each species, respectively, had concentrations of more than 100 colony-forming units/mL . Aeromonas, Acinetobacter, Vibrio, Micrococcus, and Staphylococcus were the predominant bacterial genera isolated from both species of crayfish . Vibrio mimicus was isolated from 14% of the C. albidus sampled over 3 months . Three of seven V. mimicus isolates were virulent and produced rapid mortalities when 10 5 viable cells were inoculated into crayfish by intramuscular injection. Inoculation with lysed cells and filtered culture supernatants produced no mortalities. Ribotyping was used to study relationships among the V. mimicus isolates . Eleven ribotypes were observed among 18 isolates with different pathogenicity for crayfish. We confirmed that strains of V. mimicus present in the aquaculture environment can produce systemic disease in two commercially cultured species of crayfish .

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Bacterial Flora of the Hemolymph of the Blue Crab, Callinectes sapidus: Most Probable Numbers

Cited by 52 publications

References 9 publications

Assessment of the effects of confinement in the spider crabMaja brachydactylaBlass, 1922 broodstock

Assessment of the effects of confinement in the spider crabMaja brachydactylaBlass, 1922 broodstock

Prevalence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus , and Vibrio vulnificus in blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus ), seawater and sediments of the Maryland Coastal Bays

Vibriosis Due toVibrio mimicusin Australian Freshwater Crayfish

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