Bacterial Exopolysaccharides as Reducing and/or Stabilizing Agents during Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles with Biomedical Applications

Escárcega‐González, Carlos Enrique; Garza-Cervantes, Javier Alberto; Vázquez-Rodríguez, Augusto; Morones‐Ramírez, José Rubén

doi:10.1155/2018/7045852

Cited by 59 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…In the past years, there has been a marked increase in the use of biopolymers (e.g., proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharide) as capping agents to functionalize and stabilize MNPs (Sharma et al, 2019). Exopolysaccharides are biocompatible and eco-friendly biomolecules; therefore, they can be used in the synthesis of MNPs (Escárcega-González et al, 2018). Recently, a silver-based nanobiocomposite was synthesized using an exopolysaccharide produced by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa UANL-001L (EPS).…”

Section: Metal Nanoparticle-based Combinatorial Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Demand for New Antibiotics: Antimicrobial Peptides, Nanoparticles, and Combinatorial Therapies as Future Strategies in Antibacterial Agent Design

et al. 2020

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Section: Metal Nanoparticle-based Combinatorial Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Demand for New Antibiotics: Antimicrobial Peptides, Nanoparticles, and Combinatorial Therapies as Future Strategies in Antibacterial Agent Design

et al. 2020

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“…For example, oxidation of ▬OH groups to form ▬C〓O groups and oxidation of ▬CHO groups to form ▬COOH groups play an important role during metal nanoparticles synthesis. The polymeric structure of EPSs create a network by ▬H bonding in which nanoparticles stabilize with subsequent preventions of their agglomeration and precipitation (Escárcega-González et al, 2018). Various types of functional groups that are associated with EPS of both Gram positive and Gram negative acts as reductive and stabilizing agents for the purpose of synthesizing NPs with the capping and chelating processes (Emam and Ahmed, 2016).…”

Section: Microbial Exopolysaccharides For Synthesis Of Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiologically-Synthesized Nanoparticles and Their Role in Silencing the Biofilm Signaling Cascade

et al. 2021

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The emergence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics has led to the search for alternate antimicrobial treatment strategies. Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) for efficient penetration into a living system have become more common in the world of health and hygiene. The use of microbial enzymes/proteins as a potential reducing agent for synthesizing NPs has increased rapidly in comparison to physical and chemical methods. It is a fast, environmentally safe, and cost-effective approach. Among the biogenic sources, fungi and bacteria are preferred not only for their ability to produce a higher titer of reductase enzyme to convert the ionic forms into their nano forms, but also for their convenience in cultivating and regulating the size and morphology of the synthesized NPs, which can effectively reduce the cost for large-scale manufacturing. Effective penetration through exopolysaccharides of a biofilm matrix enables the NPs to inhibit the bacterial growth. Biofilm is the consortia of sessile groups of microbial cells that are able to adhere to biotic and abiotic surfaces with the help extracellular polymeric substances and glycocalyx. These biofilms cause various chronic diseases and lead to biofouling on medical devices and implants. The NPs penetrate the biofilm and affect the quorum-sensing gene cascades and thereby hamper the cell-to-cell communication mechanism, which inhibits biofilm synthesis. This review focuses on the microbial nano-techniques that were used to produce various metallic and non-metallic nanoparticles and their “signal jamming effects” to inhibit biofilm formation. Detailed analysis and discussion is given to their interactions with various types of signal molecules and the genes responsible for the development of biofilm.

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“…Moreover, the EPS production can be tailor made using genetic, molecular, and other biotechnology tools. Succinoglycan, levan, and cellulose based EPS have been shown to act as reducing and/or stabilizing agents for the synthesis of metallic NPs (Galvez et al, 2018;Gonzalez-Escarcega et al, 2018). The means by which biofilms are crucial in synthesizing as well as stabilizing nanoparticles are depicted in Figure 5.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Nps By Polymicrobial Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Trend of Bio-Engineering Approaches for Microbial Nanomaterial Synthesis and Its Applications

et al. 2021

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Micro-organisms colonized the world before the multi-cellular organisms evolved. With the advent of microscopy, their existence became evident to the mankind and also the vast processes they regulate, that are in direct interest of the human beings. One such process that intrigued the researchers is the ability to grow in presence of toxic metals. The process seemed to be simple with the metal ions being sequestrated into the inclusion bodies or cell surfaces enabling the conversion into nontoxic nanostructures. However, the discovery of genome sequencing techniques highlighted the genetic makeup of these microbes as a quintessential aspect of these phenomena. The findings of metal resistance genes (MRG) in these microbes showed a rather complex regulation of these processes. Since most of these MRGs are plasmid encoded they can be transferred horizontally. With the discovery of nanoparticles and their many applications from polymer chemistry to drug delivery, the demand for innovative techniques of nanoparticle synthesis increased dramatically. It is now established that microbial synthesis of nanoparticles provides numerous advantages over the existing chemical methods. However, it is the explicit use of biotechnology, molecular biology, metabolic engineering, synthetic biology, and genetic engineering tools that revolutionized the world of microbial nanotechnology. Detailed study of the micro and even nanolevel assembly of microbial life also intrigued biologists and engineers to generate molecular motors that mimic bacterial flagellar motor. In this review, we highlight the importance and tremendous hidden potential of bio-engineering tools in exploiting the area of microbial nanoparticle synthesis. We also highlight the application oriented specific modulations that can be done in the stages involved in the synthesis of these nanoparticles. Finally, the role of these nanoparticles in the natural ecosystem is also addressed.

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Bacterial Exopolysaccharides as Reducing and/or Stabilizing Agents during Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles with Biomedical Applications

Cited by 59 publications

References 127 publications

The Demand for New Antibiotics: Antimicrobial Peptides, Nanoparticles, and Combinatorial Therapies as Future Strategies in Antibacterial Agent Design

The Demand for New Antibiotics: Antimicrobial Peptides, Nanoparticles, and Combinatorial Therapies as Future Strategies in Antibacterial Agent Design

Microbiologically-Synthesized Nanoparticles and Their Role in Silencing the Biofilm Signaling Cascade

The Emerging Trend of Bio-Engineering Approaches for Microbial Nanomaterial Synthesis and Its Applications

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