Bacterial enhancement of gel particle coagulation in seawater

Yamada, Yosuke; Fukuda, Hideki; Tada, Yuya; Kogure, Kazuhiro; Nagata, Toshi

doi:10.3354/ame01784

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Accordingly, in both experimental and environmental settings of organic matter enrichments, alteromonads are the first detected, closely followed by Rhodobacterales , which is eventually outcompeted by Flavobacteria , as the organic matter lability decreases (environmental – e.g. Teeling et al ., , and experimental – e.g., Fuchs et al ., , Sheik et al ., , Yamada et al ., ). This suggests that suspended particles in the upper‐mesopelagic contained a higher proportion of semi‐labile organic matter, which would be favourable for K ‐strategists.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Prokaryotic niche partitioning between suspended and sinking marine particles

Duret

Lampitt

Lam

2018

Environ Microbiol Rep

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Summary Suspended particles are major organic carbon substrates for heterotrophic microorganisms in the mesopelagic ocean (100–1000 m). Nonetheless, communities associated with these particles have been overlooked compared with sinking particles, the latter generally considered as main carbon transporters to the deep ocean. This study is the first to differentiate prokaryotic communities associated with suspended and sinking particles, collected with a marine snow catcher at four environmentally distinct stations in the Scotia Sea. Amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA gene revealed distinct prokaryotic communities associated with the two particle‐types in the mixed‐layer (0–100 m) and upper‐mesopelagic zone (mean dissimilarity 42.5% ± 15.2%). Although common remineralising taxa were present within both particle‐types, gammaproteobacterial Pseudomonadales and Vibrionales, and alphaproteobacterial Rhodobacterales were found enriched in sinking particles up to 32‐fold, while Flavobacteriales (Bacteroidetes) favoured suspended particles. We propose that this niche‐partitioning may be driven by organic matter properties found within both particle‐types: K‐strategists, specialised in the degradation of complex organic compounds, thrived on semi‐labile suspended particles, while generalists r‐strategists were adapted to the transient labile organic contents of sinking particles. Differences between the two particle‐associated communities were more pronounced in the mesopelagic than in the surface ocean, likely resulting from exchanges between particle‐pools enabled by the stronger turbulence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Prokaryotic niche partitioning between suspended and sinking marine particles

Duret

Lampitt

Lam

2018

Environ Microbiol Rep

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“…Yamada et al. ( 2016 ) showed that isolates of Pseudoalteromonas spp. enhance gel particle coagulation and similar to Alteromonas sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High wind speeds prevent formation of a distinct bacterioneuston community in the sea-surface microlayer

Rahlff

Stolle

Giebel

et al. 2017

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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The sea-surface microlayer (SML) at the boundary between atmosphere and hydrosphere represents a demanding habitat for bacteria. Wind speed is a crucial but poorly studied factor for its physical integrity. Increasing atmospheric burden of CO2, as suggested for future climate scenarios, may particularly act on this habitat at the air–sea interface. We investigated the effect of increasing wind speeds and different pCO2 levels on SML microbial communities in a wind-wave tunnel, which offered the advantage of low spatial and temporal variability. We found that enrichment of bacteria in the SML occurred solely at a U10 wind speed of ≤5.6 m s−1 in the tunnel and ≤4.1 m s−1 in the Baltic Sea. High pCO2 levels further intensified the bacterial enrichment in the SML during low wind speed. In addition, low wind speed and pCO2 induced the formation of a distinctive bacterial community as revealed by 16S rRNA gene fingerprints and influenced the presence or absence of individual taxonomic units within the SML. We conclude that physical stability of the SML below a system-specific wind speed threshold induces specific bacterial communities in the SML entailing strong implications for ecosystem functioning by wind-driven impacts on habitat properties, gas exchange and matter cycling processes.

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“…The flakes were placed in a petri dish and their images were captured with a digital camera to determine their ESD distribution. The settling velocity of the flakes was determined with the sedimentation column method (Ploug et al, 2010;Yamada et al, 2016). A 1 L graduated cylinder (7 cm wide) was filled with 0.2 µm filtered seawater (salinity, 23.6) and stabilized in a temperaturecontrolled room (23.5 • C).…”

Section: Characterization Of Flake-shaped Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further studies are required to examine whether the extent and nature of virally induced increases in aggregate formation differ across different types of diatom-virus systems. Although we focused on a diatom-virus system in this study, various microbes are present in real oceans, including bacteria and protist grazers, which may also substantially affect aggregate formation and disintegration through their metabolic activities (Azam and Malfatti, 2007;Jackson and Burd, 2015;Yamada et al, 2016) as does the viral lysis of these cells (Weinbauer, 2004;Sullivan et al, 2017).…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregate Formation During the Viral Lysis of a Marine Diatom

et al. 2018

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Recent studies have suggested that the viral lysis of microbes not only facilitates the conversion of particulate organic matter into dissolved organic matter, but also promotes the formation of organic aggregates, which enhance the export of organic carbon from the surface ocean to the deep sea. However, experimental data supporting this proposition are limited. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the viral infection of marine diatoms enhances aggregate formation. We used a model system consisting of Chaetoceros tenuissimus, a bloom-forming diatom with an approximate cell size of 3-10 µm, and a DNA virus, CtenDNAV type II, which replicates in the nucleus of C. tenuissimus. The volume of large particles (50-400 µm in equivalent spherical diameters, determined from photographic images) was measured over time (up to 15 days) in the diatom-alone control and a virus-added diatom culture. We also determined the concentrations of Coomassie-stainable particles (CSP, proteinaceous particles) and transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP, acid-polysaccharide-rich particles) with colorimetric methods. The total volume of large particles was significantly higher (5-59 fold) in the virus-added diatoms than in the diatom-alone control during the period in which the viral lysis of the diatoms proceeded. One class of large particles produced in the virus-added diatoms was flake-shaped. The flakes were tightly packed and dense, and sank rapidly, possibly playing an important role in the vertical delivery of materials from the surface to the deep sea. The bulk CSP concentrations tended to be higher in the virus-added diatoms than in the diatom-alone control, whereas the reverse was true for the TEP. These results suggest that proteinaceous polymers are involved in aggregate formation. Our data support the emerging notion that the viral lysis of microbes facilitates aggregate formation and the export of organic carbon in the ocean.

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Bacterial enhancement of gel particle coagulation in seawater

Cited by 16 publications

References 53 publications

Prokaryotic niche partitioning between suspended and sinking marine particles

Prokaryotic niche partitioning between suspended and sinking marine particles

High wind speeds prevent formation of a distinct bacterioneuston community in the sea-surface microlayer

Aggregate Formation During the Viral Lysis of a Marine Diatom

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