Bacterial degradation of bisphenol A and its analogues: An overview

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most produced synthetic monomers in the world and is widespread in the environment. Due to its adverse effects on life, BPA was replaced by bisphenol analogues (BP). Bacteria can degrade BPA and other bisphenol analogues (BP) diminishing their concentrations in the environment. To summarize the knowledge and contribute to future studies, in this review we surveyed papers on bacterial degradation of twelve different bisphenol analogues published until 2020. A total of 84 original papers from PubMed and Google Scholar were selected for this review. Most of the studies (95.2%, n = 80) on bacterial degradation of bisphenol analogues (BP) focused on bisphenol A (BPA), and then on BPF, and BPS. The number of studies on bacterial degradation of bisphenol analogues increased almost six times from 2000 (n = 2) to 2020 (n = 11). Indigenous microorganisms and the genera Sphingobium and Cupriavidus could degrade several BP. However, few studies focused on Cupriavidus. Biodegradation of BPA does not imply the degradation of other analogues. The acknowledgement of various aspects of BP bacterial biodegradation is vital for choosing the most suitable microorganisms for the bioremediation of a single BP or a mixture of BP.

The Role of Biodegrading-bacteria to Remove Bisphenol-A from Polluted Soils

“…At least there were four potential pathways for BPA degradation had been identified; the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system had a notable enzyme complex playing a pivotal role in this process; this system comprises cytochrome P450, ferredoxin and also, ferredoxin reductase; notably, the functions of cytochrome P450 and ferredoxin in this system exhibited similarities to those found in Sphingomonas bacteria, as reported by Das et al [28]. According to bacterial biodegradation, the efficacy of the process hinges on bacterial metabolism, wherein bacteria utilized pollutant molecules as solely carbon source and substrate for the energy generation by the bacteria; consequently, bacterial biodegradation emerges as a valuable tool in the bioremediation processes, contributing to the removal or reduction of environmental concentrations of contaminants [29]. Despite advancements in various remediation techniques, it was noteworthy that biodegradation by the bacteria remained the predominant method for addressing BPA contamination; this underscores the significance of harnessing the metabolic capabilities of bacteria in effectively breaking down and mitigating the environmental impact of BPA [30].…”