Bacterial Degradation of Benzoate

Valderrama, J. Andrés; Durante‐Rodríguez, Gonzalo; Blázquez, Blas; Garcı́a, José Luis; Carmona, Manuel; Dı́az, Eduardo

doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.309005

Cited by 87 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Moreover, none of the oxygenases were more highly transcribed with benzene than with benzoate. We conclude that oxygenases were most likely transcribed in the culture due to nonspecific induction by benzoyl-CoA, as previously reported (53), or by other intermediates during benzene or benzoate degradation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…Therefore, oxygen, if any was present, did not come from outside the culture bottles. The most abundant oxygenase transcripts detected were homologous to benzoyl-CoA oxygenases (box gene cluster), which are induced by benzoyl-CoA and have been shown to be expressed regardless of aerobic or anaerobic conditions (53). In addition, we detected abundant transcripts for the benzoyl-CoA reductase genes bzdNOPQ, whose expression is strongly repressed by oxygen (54,55).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

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Metatranscriptome of an Anaerobic Benzene-Degrading, Nitrate-Reducing Enrichment Culture Reveals Involvement of Carboxylation in Benzene Ring Activation

Luo

Gitiafroz

Devine

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

102

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The enzymes involved in the initial steps of anaerobic benzene catabolism are not known. To try to elucidate this critical step, a metatranscriptomic analysis was conducted to compare the genes transcribed during the metabolism of benzene and benzoate by an anaerobic benzene-degrading, nitrate-reducing enrichment culture. RNA was extracted from the mixed culture and sequenced without prior mRNA enrichment, allowing simultaneous examination of the active community composition and the differential gene expression between the two treatments. Ribosomal and mRNA sequences attributed to a member of the family Peptococcaceae from the order Clostridiales were essentially only detected in the benzene-amended culture samples, implicating this group in the initial catabolism of benzene. Genes similar to each of two subunits of a proposed benzene-carboxylating enzyme were transcribed when the culture was amended with benzene. Anaerobic benzoate degradation genes from strict anaerobes were transcribed only when the culture was amended with benzene. Genes for other benzoate catabolic enzymes and for nitrate respiration were transcribed in both samples, with those attributed to an Azoarcus species being most abundant. These findings indicate that the mineralization of benzene starts with its activation by a strict anaerobe belonging to the Peptococcaceae, involving a carboxylation step to form benzoate. These data confirm the previously hypothesized syntrophic association between a benzene-degrading Peptococcaceae strain and a benzoate-degrading denitrifying Azoarcus strain for the complete catabolism of benzene with nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 48%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Metatranscriptome of an Anaerobic Benzene-Degrading, Nitrate-Reducing Enrichment Culture Reveals Involvement of Carboxylation in Benzene Ring Activation

Luo

Gitiafroz

Devine

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

102

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“…On the contrary, anaerobic hydroquinone-degrading microorganisms will engage a diverted pathway which involves a carboxylation and activation with CoA to finish with the production of benzoate and the introduction of this compound into the classical anaerobic benzene metabolization pathways [89, 90]. In spite of their bioremediation potential, there are just a few reported examples in the literature describing anaerobic organisms able to degrade hydroquinone.…”

Section: Hydroquinone Degradation Under Anaerobic Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most interesting reaction of the whole pathway is the reductive dehydroxylation of the gentisyl-CoA. This reaction is catalyzed by an oxygen-sensitive enzyme, which removes both hydroxyl groups in one single step, and probably associated to cell membranes [90–92]. However, further investigations are required to characterize this enzymatic activity.…”

Section: Hydroquinone Degradation Under Anaerobic Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroquinone: Environmental Pollution, Toxicity, and Microbial Answers

Enguita

Leitão

2013

BioMed Research International

166

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Hydroquinone is a major benzene metabolite, which is a well-known haematotoxic and carcinogenic agent associated with malignancy in occupational environments. Human exposure to hydroquinone can occur by dietary, occupational, and environmental sources. In the environment, hydroquinone showed increased toxicity for aquatic organisms, being less harmful for bacteria and fungi. Recent pieces of evidence showed that hydroquinone is able to enhance carcinogenic risk by generating DNA damage and also to compromise the general immune responses which may contribute to the impaired triggering of the host immune reaction. Hydroquinone bioremediation from natural and contaminated sources can be achieved by the use of a diverse group of microorganisms, ranging from bacteria to fungi, which harbor very complex enzymatic systems able to metabolize hydroquinone either under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Due to the recent research development on hydroquinone, this review underscores not only the mechanisms of hydroquinone biotransformation and the role of microorganisms and their enzymes in this process, but also its toxicity.

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“…However, in this latter case an aerobic metabolism based on internally produce oxygen through the potential dismutation of the nitric oxide produced during respiration has been proposed (Meckenstock et al, 2016). NRBs are generally facultative anaerobes, with the capacity to carry out a mixed oxic/anoxic type of metabolism (Valderrama et al, 2012). It would thus be expected that in some environments processes as complex as PAH degradation would require the coordinated activity of both types of metabolisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Induced Changes in Bacterial Community Structure under Anoxic Nitrate Reducing Conditions

et al. 2016

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Although bacterial anaerobic degradation of mono-aromatic compounds has been characterized in depth, the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as naphthalene has only started to be understood in sulfate reducing bacteria, and little is known about the anaerobic degradation of PAHs in nitrate reducing bacteria. Starting from a series of environments which had suffered different degrees of hydrocarbon pollution, we used most probable number (MPN) enumeration to detect and quantify the presence of bacterial communities able to degrade several PAHs using nitrate as electron acceptor. We detected the presence of a substantial nitrate reducing community able to degrade naphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene (2MN), and anthracene in some of the sites. With the aim of isolating strains able to degrade PAHs under denitrifying conditions, we set up a series of enrichment cultures with nitrate as terminal electron acceptor and PAHs as the only carbon source and followed the changes in the bacterial communities throughout the process. Results evidenced changes attributable to the imposed nitrate respiration regime, which in several samples were exacerbated in the presence of the PAHs. The presence of naphthalene or 2MN enriched the community in groups of uncultured and poorly characterized organisms, and notably in the Acidobacteria uncultured group iii1-8, which in some cases was only a minor component of the initial samples. Other phylotypes selected by PAHs in these conditions included Bacilli, which were enriched in naphthalene enrichments. Several nitrate reducing strains showing the capacity to grow on PAHs could be isolated on solid media, although the phenotype could not be reproduced in liquid cultures. Analysis of known PAH anaerobic degradation genes in the original samples and enrichment cultures did not reveal the presence of PAH-related nmsA-like sequences but confirmed the presence of bssA-like genes related to anaerobic toluene degradation. Altogether, our results suggest that PAH degradation by nitrate reducing bacteria may require the contribution of different strains, under culture conditions that still need to be defined.

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Bacterial Degradation of Benzoate

Cited by 87 publications

References 61 publications

Metatranscriptome of an Anaerobic Benzene-Degrading, Nitrate-Reducing Enrichment Culture Reveals Involvement of Carboxylation in Benzene Ring Activation

Metatranscriptome of an Anaerobic Benzene-Degrading, Nitrate-Reducing Enrichment Culture Reveals Involvement of Carboxylation in Benzene Ring Activation

Hydroquinone: Environmental Pollution, Toxicity, and Microbial Answers

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Induced Changes in Bacterial Community Structure under Anoxic Nitrate Reducing Conditions

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