Bacterial decolorization and degradation of azo dyes

Pandey, Anoop Kumar; Singh, Poonam; Iyengar, Leela

doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2006.08.006

Cited by 999 publications

(532 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Diazonium form of stable mediate concludes action of oxidative enzyme present in A. calcoaceticus; it could not breaks an azo linkage, in contrast, reported earlier as initial step in the bacterial azo dye metabolism under anaerobic conditions involves the reductive cleavage of an azo linkage [21]. Bacterial degradation of azo dyes in aerobic/anaerobic conditions could be either at intracellular or extracellular level [22]. These enzymes gratuitously reduce azo dyes due to their nonspecific nature [22].…”

Section: Analysis Of Dye Degradation Productsmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Decolorization of Textile Dyes and Degradation of Mono-Azo Dye Amaranth by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus NCIM 2890

et al. 2011

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Acinetobacter calcoaceticus NCIM 2890 (A. caloaceticus) was found to decolorize 20 different textile dyes of various classes. Decolorization of an azo dye amaranth was observed effectively (91%) at static anoxic condition, whereas agitated culture grew well but showed less decolorization (68%) within 48 h of incubation. Induction of intracellular and extracellular lignin peroxidase, intracellular laccase, dichlorophenol indophenol (DCIP) reductase and riboflavin reductase represented their involvement in the biodegradation of amaranth. The products obtained after degradation of Amaranth were characterized as naphthalene sulfamide, hydroxyl naphthalene diazonium and naphthalene diazonium. The germination and growth of Sorghum vulgare and Phaseolus mungo seeds, and the growth of E. coli and Bacillus substilis were not inhibited by the metabolic products of the dye.

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Section: Analysis Of Dye Degradation Productsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Bacterial degradation of azo dyes in aerobic/anaerobic conditions could be either at intracellular or extracellular level [22]. These enzymes gratuitously reduce azo dyes due to their nonspecific nature [22].…”

Section: Analysis Of Dye Degradation Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decolorization of Textile Dyes and Degradation of Mono-Azo Dye Amaranth by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus NCIM 2890

et al. 2011

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“…Biological treatment may present a relatively inexpensive and environment-friendly alternative producing less sludge and requiring lesser amount of reagents. Besides being economical in nature, it can lead to complete mineralization of dyes (Pandey et al 2007;Rai et al 2005;Khan et al 2013). Removal of pollutants from the environment by biological methods has significant advantages over other methods because of the adaptability of various micro-organisms in degrading various compounds.…”

Section: Decolourization and Degradation Of Dyes By Various Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Destruction of azo dyes by anaerobic–aerobic sequential biological treatment: a review

Popli

Patel

2014

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

260

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Dyes are synthetic organic compounds widely used in various industries such as, textile, leather, plastic, food, pharmaceutical, and paints manufacturing industries. Coloured effluents are highly toxic to the aquatic life and mutagenic to humans. Wastewater containing dyes has become an important issue demanding serious attention. Among the synthetic dyes, azo dyes are the largest and most widely used dyes and account for more than half of the annually produced dyes. The biodegradation of azo dyes is difficult due to their complex structure and synthetic nature. Several treatments have been proposed for efficient azo dye removal, most of them presenting some limitations such as generation of waste sludge, high operational costs, poor efficiency, and incomplete mineralization. Biological treatment is a cost-effective and eco-friendly process for dye degradation. Sequential anaerobic-aerobic biological treatment is considered as one of the most cost-effective methods for the complete mineralization of azo dyes. The anaerobic stage yields decolourization through reductive cleavage of the dye's azo linkages, resulting in the formation of generally colourless but potentially hazardous aromatic amines. The aerobic stage involves degradation of the aromatic amines. It is the most logical step for removing the azo dyes from the wastewater. Several factors can influence the microbial activity and consequently the efficacy and effectiveness of the complete biodegradation processes. This paper summarizes the results of biological decolourization of azo dyes using various types of reactors, elaborates biochemical mechanisms involved, and discusses influence of various operational parameters on decolourization based on reports published in the last decade.

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“…The colorless products consisting of aromatic compounds generated from the reductive cleavage of azo dyes are usually mineralized completely under aerobic conditions (Pandey et al, 2007). Aerobic degradation is a multiple step process and may include autoxidation, desulfonation, demethylation and deamination reactions (Oturkar et al, 2011;Singh, 2006).…”

Section: Biodegradation Via Oxidative Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial diversity and composition in major fresh produce growing soils affected by physiochemical properties and geographic locations

Ibekwe

Yang

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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Azo dyes and their intermediate degradation products are common contaminants of soil and groundwater in developing countries where textile and leather dye products are produced. The toxicity of azo dyes is primarily associated with their molecular structure, substitution groups and reactivity. To avoid contamination of natural resources and to minimize risk to human health, this wastewater requires treatment in an environmentally safe manner. This manuscript critically reviews biological treatment systems and the role of bacterial reductive and oxidative enzymes/processes in the bioremediation of dye-polluted wastewaters. Many studies have shown that a variety of culturable bacteria have efficient enzymatic systems that can carry out complete mineralization of dye chemicals and their metabolites (aromatic compounds) over a wide range of environmental conditions. Complete mineralization of azo dyes generally involves a two-step process requiring initial anaerobic treatment for decolorization, followed by an oxidative process that results in degradation of the toxic intermediates that are formed during the first step. Molecular studies have revealed that the first reductive process can be carried out by two classes of enzymes involving flavin-dependent and flavin-free azoreductases under anaerobic or low oxygen conditions. The second step that is carried out by oxidative enzymes that primarily involves broad specificity peroxidases, laccases and tyrosinases. This review focuses, in particular, on the characterization of these enzymes with respect to their enzyme kinetics and the environmental conditions that are necessary for bioreactor systems to treat azo dyes contained in wastewater.

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Bacterial decolorization and degradation of azo dyes

Cited by 999 publications

References 117 publications

Decolorization of Textile Dyes and Degradation of Mono-Azo Dye Amaranth by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus NCIM 2890

Decolorization of Textile Dyes and Degradation of Mono-Azo Dye Amaranth by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus NCIM 2890

Destruction of azo dyes by anaerobic–aerobic sequential biological treatment: a review

Bacterial diversity and composition in major fresh produce growing soils affected by physiochemical properties and geographic locations

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