Bacterial colonization of non-permanent central venous catheters in hemodialysis dogs

Abstract

Non-permanent central venous catheters (CVCs), are the most commonly used vascular access in veterinary patients undergoing hemodialysis. In human dialysis patients, CVC infection represents a common cause of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this retrospective observational study was to evaluate the prevalence of bacterial colonization of CVCs in dogs submitted to hemodialysis treatment at time of CVC removal.The CVCs of all dogs submitted to hemodialysis (n ¼ 23) at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital ''Mario Modenato'' of the University of Pisa between January 2015 and December 2016 were considered. For all dogs, data regarding signalment, reason for hemodialysis treatment, duration of catheterization ( 15 or >15 days), CVC complications, and 30-day survival were considered. Statistical analysis was performed using Graph Pad Prism™. Five over 23 dogs (22%) showed positive bacterial culture of CVC (þ), and 18/23 dogs (78%) negative culture of CVC (-). The most prevalent microorganism was Staphylococcus Spp (3/5; 60%). No significant difference was found in the prevalence of CVC infection according to age, gender, reason for hemodialysis, CVC complications, duration of catheterization, and outcome. No statistically significant difference (p ¼ 0.64) in survival curves was reported at log rank analysis between dogs with CVC -and CVC þ.The prevalence of bacterial CVC contamination in our dialysis dogs showed relatively low. Exclusive use of CVC for hemodialysis, good hygiene practice during CVC management, and use of chlorhexidine as an antiseptic should be strongly encouraged.

Uso de preditores clínicos e laboratoriais em cães em estado crítico na determinação de lesão renal aguda

“…Outro estudo retrospectivo feito na Universidade de Pisa com 97 animais críticos entre 2015 e 2016, foi observado índice de 69,2% de morte. Esse estudo sugeriu que os dados da LRA adquirida em ambiente hospitalar veterinário podem ainda refletir o sub diagnóstico da síndrome (Perondi et al, 2020). Raros estudos retratam o prognóstico dos pacientes veterinários que sobrevivem ou abordam a monitorização após o episódio que fez com que o paciente necessitasse de atendimento emergencial (Rodríguez et al, 2018;Zarjo & Agarwal, 2011).…”

Immune disorders in dogs with chronic kidney disease: Review

“…Alterations such as linear decrease in the count of CD4 + , CD8 + and CD45 + lymphocytes, decrease in proliferation, induction of apoptosis by activation and deficiency of T lymphocytes, greater pro-apoptotic activity of naïve T lymphocytes, pre-activation of antigen-presenting cells and production of Pro-inflammatory cytokines by Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes that act on innate and adaptive immunity favor infections and low or no response to vaccines in patients with end-stage CKD (Betjes, 2013;Syed-Ahmed & Narayanan, 2019). According to Lemesch et al (2016), human patients with end-stage CKD and undergoing hemodialysis had a higher mortality due to bacterial infections when compared to patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis, however, in Veterinary Medicine, studies by Perondi et al (2020), demonstrated that dogs undergoing hemodialysis, where non-permanent central venous catheters were used, had a prevalence of irrelevant bacterial contamination, positively impacting the survival of these dogs with advanced-stage CKD and undergoing renal replacement therapies.…”