Bacterial-based cancer therapy: An emerging toolbox for targeted drug/gene delivery

Microenvironment-responsive electrocution of tumor and bacteria by implants modified with degenerate semiconductor film

“…The hole release rate of the degenerate LDH films is positively correlated with the H + concentration in the microenvironment. Fortunately, tumor- and bacteria-related infections lower the local pH [ 53 , 54 ]. Tumor tissues are rich in H + ions and present a low pH owing to the “Warburg effect” [ [55] , [56] , [57] ], which accelerates the release of holes in degenerate LDHs.…”

Recent advances in biological membrane-based nanomaterials for cancer therapy

“…[156][157][158][159][160] It is well known that anaerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria can target and proliferate in tumor tissue due to the hypoxia of the tumor microenvironment. [161][162][163] Additionally, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and flagellin, which are major components of bacteria, play critical roles in inducing the host immune response in the process of bacterial infection and the anti-tumor immune response. 157,162,[164][165][166][167] Because the bacterial membrane has the same properties as bacteria, researchers are trying to develop bacterial membrane-based nanomaterials for tumor therapy.…”

“…[161][162][163] Additionally, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and flagellin, which are major components of bacteria, play critical roles in inducing the host immune response in the process of bacterial infection and the anti-tumor immune response. 157,162,[164][165][166][167] Because the bacterial membrane has the same properties as bacteria, researchers are trying to develop bacterial membrane-based nanomaterials for tumor therapy. Generally speaking, owing to the existence of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on bacterial membranes, these membranes-based nanomaterials have been mainly administered via local injection to enhance cancer immunotherapy.…”

Acid-Directed Electrostatic Self-Assembly Generates Charge-Reversible Bacteria for Enhanced Tumor Targeting and Low Tissue Trapping

“…Multiple drug carriers including bacteria, , viruses, liposomes, , phenylenediamine, exosomes, microcapsules, , nanoniosomes, and various nanoparticles have been widely reported. These can be modified to turn them specific against a given cancer, aiming at the development of targeted drug delivery solutions .…”