Bacterial adherence and dental plaque formation

Houte, J. van

doi:10.1007/bf01666923

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…We can conclude that the latter is most likely because S. mutans attachment and biofilm formation in the presence of MUC5B are significantly decreased at most time points compared to the levels in the presence of methylcellulose. There are at least three potential mechanisms by which MUC5B could protect the surface from bacterial colonization: (i) MUC5B could bind or agglutinate bacteria, which would allow planktonic bacteria to be swept out of the oral cavity with salivary flow but enhance bacterial attachment to surfaces coated with MUC5B (14,25,(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44), (ii) MUC5B could have the opposite effect, where its heterogeneous glycan chains repel bacteria, thereby preventing surface attachment (9,11,(45)(46)(47), or (iii) MUC5B could directly downregulate S. mutans genes involved in attachment and biofilm formation. In our case, it appears that MUC5B is repelling S. mutans and/or directly influencing genetic modifications that protect the glass and hydroxyapatite surfaces from bacterial attachment and biofilm formation.…”

Section: Sucrose Enhances S Mutans Attachment and Biofilm Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Mucins Protect Surfaces from Colonization by Cariogenic Bacteria

Frenkel

Ribbeck

2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

108

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bUnderstanding how the body's natural defenses function to protect the oral cavity from the myriad of bacteria that colonize its surfaces is an ongoing topic of research that can lead to breakthroughs in treatment and prevention. One key defense mechanism on all moist epithelial linings, such as the mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs, is a layer of thick, well-hydrated mucus. The main gel-forming components of mucus are mucins, large glycoproteins that play a key role in host defense. This study focuses on elucidating the connection between MUC5B salivary mucins and dental caries, one of the most common oral diseases. Dental caries is predominantly caused by Streptococcus mutans attachment and biofilm formation on the tooth surface. Once S. mutans attaches to the tooth, it produces organic acids as metabolic by-products that dissolve tooth enamel, leading to cavity formation. We utilize CFU counts and fluorescence microscopy to quantitatively show that S. mutans attachment and biofilm formation are most robust in the presence of sucrose and that aqueous solutions of purified human MUC5B protect surfaces by acting as an antibiofouling agent in the presence of sucrose. In addition, we find that MUC5B does not alter S. mutans growth and decreases surface attachment and biofilm formation by maintaining S. mutans in the planktonic form. These insights point to the importance of salivary mucins in oral health and lead to a better understanding of how MUC5B could play a role in cavity prevention or diagnosis. One of the body's key defense mechanisms on wet epithelial linings, such as the mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs, is a layer of thick, well-hydrated mucus. The viscoelastic properties of mucus are attributed to mucins, large glycoproteins that play a key role in host defense and maintaining a healthy microbial environment (1-3). Defects in mucin production can lead to diseases such as ulcerative colitis when mucins are underproduced or cystic fibrosis and asthma when mucins are overproduced (4-6). In addition, studies have shown that mucins can interact with microbes, such as Helicobacter pylori, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, and human immunodeficiency virus (7-10). These diseases and microbial interactions highlight the necessity of mucins as one of the body's key natural defenses; however, few studies have focused specifically on the connection between MUC5B salivary mucins and oral diseases. This study fills this gap in understanding by exploring the connection between purified human MUC5B and the virulence of Streptococcus mutans, one of the main cavitycausing bacteria naturally found in the oral cavity (11). MUC7 is another salivary mucin, but MUC5B is the primary mucin component of the dental pellicle coating the soft and hard tissues in the oral cavity (12, 13). Importantly, the effects of MUC5B are characterized in a clinically relevant three-dimensional model that mimics the natural environment in the oral cavity; mucins are secreted into an aqueous phase as opposed to a two-dimensional surfac...

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Section: Sucrose Enhances S Mutans Attachment and Biofilm Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Mucins Protect Surfaces from Colonization by Cariogenic Bacteria

Frenkel

Ribbeck

2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

108

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“…The ability of plaque organisms to attach to tooth surfaces or gingival tissues is commonly acknowledged to be a first step in the progression of oral diseases. The nature of this attachment appears to be complex and is ascribed, at least in part, to electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions 9,18,23,33) . The inhibition of the adsorption of the bacteria to the oral tissues could be a promising approach to preventing their colonization and the progression of disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Chitosan Rinsing on Reduction of Dental Plaque Formation

Sano

Shibasaki

Mutoh

et al. 2003

Bull. Tokyo Dent. Coll.

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The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the use of a chitosan mouthrinse could be efficacious in reducing plaque and saliva mutans streptococci level. A randomized crossover clinical trial was performed to evaluate the effect of a rinse with 0.5% chitosan for 14 days on plaque formation and mutans streptococci counts in saliva. Twenty-four subjects were randomly assigned either the chitosan rinse or a placebo rinse in addition to their usual oral hygiene procedures. Following the baseline examination, each subject was given a prophylaxis. They were instructed to rinse with 20 ml of the mouthrinse twice daily for 30 seconds. Plaque scores were measured after a 14-day rinsing period, and mutans streptococci counts in saliva were also determined at the start and the end of the each rinsing period. The procedures were repeated with the alternate rinse after a 14-day washout period. Rinsing with 0.5% chitosan was significantly more effective in plaque reduction using the Quigley & Hein Index (chitosan: 1.44, placebo: 1.62, pϽ0.001) and Plaque Severity Index (chitosan: 0.138, placebo: 0.186, p‫.)300.0ס‬ The mutans streptococci count in saliva was less after the chitosan rinsing ( 2 cal ‫,15.31ס‬ p‫)530.0ס‬ than placebo rinsing. In conclusion, the chitosan rinsing was effective in reducing plaque formation and counts of salivary mutans streptococci after a 14-day rinsing period. These results would appear to warrant further investigation into the potential value of chitosan as an effective anti-plaque agent for use in oral hygiene products.

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“…The surfaces of the oral cavity are covered by a range of bacteria organized in biofilms, which are frequently associated with a large number of oral diseases and complications . Plaque, or dental biofilm, is one of the most complex microbial communities in the human body; it comprises a diverse set of microorganisms embedded in an extracellular matrix, which adheres to oral surfaces . Bacterial adhesion is a prerequisite and a critical determinant for colonization of teeth and epithelial surfaces, and polysaccharides are one of the major components in the biofilm matrix, providing structural protection and a nutrient source for cell adhesion .…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of xylitol on salivary β‐glucosidase in humans

Essenfelder

Gomes

Miquelutti

et al. 2019

European J Oral Sciences

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Dental biofilm – in which a diverse set of microorganisms are embedded in a complex polysaccharide matrix that adheres to oral components – is one of the most complex microbial communities in the human body. As biofilm formation is related to oral infections, such as caries and periodontal diseases, strategies for biofilm control are crucial for maintaining oral health. Xylitol, a synthetic sugar used as a sucrose substitute, has been shown to reduce biofilm formation. However, its precise mechanism of action on biofilm reduction has so far not been elucidated. Previous studies demonstrate that bacterial β‐glucosidase action is crucial for biofilm formation. Here, we investigated the correlation between salivary β‐glucosidase activity and dental plaque occurrence. We found a positive correlation between enzymatic activity and the presence of dental biofilm. We observed that xylitol inhibits β‐glucosidase in human saliva. Kinetic studies also confirmed that xylitol acts as a mixed type inhibitor of salivary β‐glucosidase. Based on our data, we suggest that xylitol impairs oral biofilm formation by the inhibition of bacterial β‐glucosidase, which is essential for biofilm formation in the oral cavity.

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Bacterial adherence and dental plaque formation

Cited by 22 publications

References 107 publications

Salivary Mucins Protect Surfaces from Colonization by Cariogenic Bacteria

Salivary Mucins Protect Surfaces from Colonization by Cariogenic Bacteria

Effect of Chitosan Rinsing on Reduction of Dental Plaque Formation

Effect of xylitol on salivary β‐glucosidase in humans

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