Bacteria responsive polyoxometalates nanocluster strategy to regulate biofilm microenvironments for enhanced synergetic antibiofilm activity and wound healing

Abstract

Backgroud: Nowadays, biofilms that are generated as a result of antibiotic abuse cause serious threats to global public health. Such films are the primary factor that contributes to the failure of antimicrobial treatment. This is due to the fact that the films prevent antibiotic infiltration, escape from innate immune attacks by phagocytes and consequently generate bacterial resistance. Therefore, exploiting novel antibacterial agents or strategies is extremely urgent. Methods: Herein, we report a rational construction of a novel biofilm microenvironment (BME)-responsive antibacterial platform that is based on tungsten (W)-polyoxometalate clusters (POMs) to achieve efficient bactericidal effects. Results: On one hand, the acidity and reducibility of a BME could lead to the self-assembly of POMs to produce large aggregates, which favor biofilm accumulation and enhance photothermal conversion under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. On the other hand, reduced POM aggregates with BME-induced photothermal-enhanced efficiency also exhibit surprisingly high peroxidase-like activity in the catalysis of bacterial endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) to produce abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS). This enhances biofilm elimination and favors antibacterial effects. Most importantly, reduced POMs exhibit the optimal peroxidase-like activity in an acidic BME. Conclusion: Therefore, in addition to providing a prospective antibacterial agent, intelligent acid/reductive dual-responsive POMs will establish a new representative paradigm for the areas of healthcare with minimal side effects.

Copper single-atom catalysts with photothermal performance and enhanced nanozyme activity for bacteria‐infected wound therapy

“…At present, it has been proved that many nanomaterials with enzyme-like and antibacterial properties, including noble metal nanoparticles [ 12 ], carbon-based nanomaterials [ 13 ], metal oxides [ 11 , 14 ], and metal chalcogenides [ [15] , [16] , [17] ], can eradicate different types of bacteria, even drug-resistant bacteria. Unfortunately, the low catalytic activity of nanozymes greatly limits their antibacterial effects [ 18 ]. In addition, it is also worth noting that the microenvironments of the infection sites usually have abnormally high expression of glutathione (GSH) levels, which are caused by anaerobic glycolysis, greatly reducing the catalytic therapeutic effects of nanozymes [ [19] , [20] , [21] ].…”

“…Therefore, the combination of catalytic therapy and PTT can simultaneously enhance the catalytic production of ROS while reducing the collateral damage of PTT [ 15 , 27 ]. Although several nanozymes have been reported for PTT-catalytic antibacterial treatment, the treatment performance of these nanozymes is still limited [ 12 , [14] , [15] , [16] , 18 ]. Among the numerous nanozymes, copper-based nanomaterials not only have strong photothermal performance, but also undergo Fenton-like reactions in a wide pH range, thus exhibiting effects similar to iron-based catalysts [ 28 ].…”

Flexible integrated sensing platform for monitoring wound temperature and predicting infection

“…When a critical number of bacteria greater than this level are present, the tissue responds with an infection (Robson et al ., 1999). When locally colonized bacteria form biofilms, they prevent antibiotic infiltration, escape from innate immune attacks by phagocytes and consequently generate bacterial resistance (Zhang et al ., 2020). As a traditional treatment, debridement and dressing changes remove most bacteria, biofilms, virulence factors and necrotic tissue (Daeschlein, 2013).…”

Physically Switchable Antimicrobial Surfaces and Coatings: General Concept and Recent Achievements

“…[181] can be also considered as the very perspective way. Finally, the combination of other stimuli, like light and supramolecular host-guest chemical interaction, was also reported [182], and further progress in this field can be expected.…”