Abstract:Bacteria introduce diseases and infections to humans by their adherence to biomaterials, such as implants and surgical tools. Cell desorption is an effective step to reduce such damage. Here, we report mechanisms of bacteria desorption. An alumina nanopore structure (ANS) with pore size of 35 nm, 55 nm, 70 nm, and 80 nm was used as substrate to grow Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells. A bacteria repelling experimental method was developed to quantitatively evaluate the area percentage of adherent bacterial cells… Show more
“…Differently from contact killing where low quantitites of biocidal material can be released, no biocide is released from surface topography controlled AMCs. As an example, Kim et al [ 94 ] prepared porous alumina surfaces with different pore sizes that depending on the pore size exhibited different killing efficacy for bacterial cells. In addition to specially designed surface topography, bacteria-repelling surfaces have been shown as an efficient biocide-free SbD strategy to design AMCs.…”
Infections and infectious diseases are considered a major challenge to human health in healthcare units worldwide. This opinion paper was initiated by EU COST Action network AMiCI (AntiMicrobial Coating Innovations) and focuses on scientific information essential for weighing the risks and benefits of antimicrobial surfaces in healthcare settings. Particular attention is drawn on nanomaterial-based antimicrobial surfaces in frequently-touched areas in healthcare settings and the potential of these nano-enabled coatings to induce (eco)toxicological hazard and antimicrobial resistance. Possibilities to minimize those risks e.g., at the level of safe-by-design are demonstrated.
“…Differently from contact killing where low quantitites of biocidal material can be released, no biocide is released from surface topography controlled AMCs. As an example, Kim et al [ 94 ] prepared porous alumina surfaces with different pore sizes that depending on the pore size exhibited different killing efficacy for bacterial cells. In addition to specially designed surface topography, bacteria-repelling surfaces have been shown as an efficient biocide-free SbD strategy to design AMCs.…”
Infections and infectious diseases are considered a major challenge to human health in healthcare units worldwide. This opinion paper was initiated by EU COST Action network AMiCI (AntiMicrobial Coating Innovations) and focuses on scientific information essential for weighing the risks and benefits of antimicrobial surfaces in healthcare settings. Particular attention is drawn on nanomaterial-based antimicrobial surfaces in frequently-touched areas in healthcare settings and the potential of these nano-enabled coatings to induce (eco)toxicological hazard and antimicrobial resistance. Possibilities to minimize those risks e.g., at the level of safe-by-design are demonstrated.
“…Numerous nanoengineered surfaces show promising bacteria repellent and bactericidal properties such as nanopillared [ 133 ] and highly‐ordered nanoporous. [ 134 ] As the nanotopography shows regulatory effects on cellular activities, recent studies also focus on generate hierarchical and multiscale surface structure to inhibit the bacterial adhesion while enhance eukaryocytic behavior. For example, the TiO 2 nanowire structured titanium surface via thermal oxidation presented osteoinductive potential with stimulated osteogenic gene activation and enhanced in vivo bone formation.…”
Section: Strategies To Realize Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal Performancementioning
Background
The success of biomedical implants in orthopedic and dental applications is usually limited due to insufficient bone‐implant integration, and implant‐related infections. Biointerfaces are critical in regulating their interactions and the desirable performance of biomaterials in biological environment. Surface engineering has been widely studied to realize better control of the interface interaction to further enhance the desired behavior of biomaterials.
Purpose and Scope
This review aims to investigate surface coating strategies in hard tissue applications to address insufficient osteointegration and implant‐related infection problems.
Summary
We first focused on surface coatings to enhance the osteointegration and biocompatibility of implants by emphasizing calcium phosphate‐related, nanoscale TiO2‐related, bioactive tantalum‐based and biomolecules incorporated coatings. Different coating strategies such as plasma spraying, biomimetic deposition, electrochemical anodization and LENS are discussed. We then discussed techniques to construct anti‐adhesive and bactericidal surface while emphasizing multifunctional surface coating techniques that combine potential osteointegration and antibacterial activities. The effects of nanotopography via TiO2 coatings on antibacterial performance are interesting and included. A smart bacteria‐responsive titanium dioxide nanotubes coating is also attractive and elaborated.
Conclusion
Developing multifunctional surface coatings combining osteogenesis and antimicrobial activity is the current trend. Surface engineering methods are usually combined to obtain hierarchical multiscale surface structures with better biofunctionalization outcomes.
“…The nanofeature dimensions, e.g., nanopillar diameter, height, and spacing affected the bacterial adhesion due to the change of effective contact area . Strong bacterial repelling has also been reported on highly ordered alumina nanoporous surfaces and polymer (PLGA) nanopit surfaces with pore sizes ranging from 200 to 500 nm . This contact‐area‐reducing approach has been attempted in real medical applications.…”
In biomaterials science, it is nowadays well accepted that improving the biointegration of dental and orthopedic implants with surrounding tissues is a major goal. However, implant surfaces that support osteointegration may also favor colonization of bacterial cells. Infection of biomaterials and subsequent biofilm formation can have devastating effects and reduce patient quality of life, representing an emerging concern in healthcare. Conversely, efforts toward inhibiting bacterial colonization may impair biomaterial–tissue integration. Therefore, to improve the long‐term success of medical implants, biomaterial surfaces should ideally discourage the attachment of bacteria without affecting eukaryotic cell functions. However, most current strategies seldom investigate a combined goal. This work reviews recent strategies of surface modification to simultaneously address implant biointegration while mitigating bacterial infections. To this end, two emerging solutions are considered, multifunctional chemical coatings and nanotopographical features.
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