Backward masking performance during and after manic episodes.

Fleming, Kirsten; Green, Michael Foster

doi:10.1037/0021-843x.104.1.63

Cited by 29 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Moreover, we observed that patients with BDI and BDII had abnormally low volume and/or thickness in medial occipital brain regions, including the cuneus, pericalcarine and lingual cortices. These findings are in line with previously reported deficits in visual processing and perception [36][37][38][39][40] -unrelated to lithium use 41,42 -and also with deficits in working memory tasks 10,[43][44][45][46] that partly engage visual areas of the medial occipital cortex. [47][48][49][50] Hence, it is not farfetched to assume that previously observed deficits in visual tasks in patients with BD might be partly related to neuroanatomical abnormalities in medial occipital brain regions.…”

Section: Cortical Abnormalities In Patients With Bdi and Bdiisupporting

confidence: 82%

Cortical thickness, volume and surface area in patients with bipolar disorder types I and II

Abé

Ekman

Sellgren

et al. 2016

jpn

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionBipolar disorder (BD) is a common chronic psychiatric disorder characterized by mood disturbances with recurrent episodes of mania, hypomania and depression interspersed by euthymic periods. The disorder is not only associated with premature death, significant disability and impaired psychosocial functioning, 1 but also with cognitive impairments. 2Summarizing previous imaging studies of patients with BD, recent meta-analyses and review articles have concluded that these patients demonstrate abnormalities primarily in frontal lobe regions, such as abnormally low volumes not only in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), medial and inferior frontal, orbitofrontal, ventral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, but also in the temporal and insular cortices. 3-9There are 2 established subtypes of BD: type I and type II. The subtype BDII is distinguished from BDI mainly by the absence of full-blown manic episodes. This and the generally observed lower functional impairment in patients with BDII compared with BDI 10 has led some to describe BDII as a milder form of BDI. But this conclusion is not necessarily accurate, as BDII is characterized by shorter euthymic intervals, more depressive episodes, longer time spent in a state of depression, more comorbidities and greater perceived suffering than BDI. 11,12 The fact that patients with BDI and BDII manifest different symptoms and severity suggests partly different neurobiological mechanisms and pathophysiology. Despite this, most previous studies have focused on patients with BDI or on patients with BDI and BDII combined indiscriminately. The few and small studies that have investigated patients with BDI, BDII and healthy controls suggest that the subtypes are characterized by common neurobiological alterations that are less pronounced in patients with BDII.13-15 One study reported fewer case-control differences in grey matter Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common chronic psychiatric disorder mainly characterized by episodes of mania, hypomania and depression. The disorder is associated with cognitive impairments and structural brain abnormalities, such as lower cortical volumes in primarily frontal brain regions than healthy controls. Although bipolar disorder types I (BDI) and II (BDII) exhibit different symptoms and severity, previous studies have focused on BDI. Furthermore, the most frequently investigated measure in this population is cortical volume. The aim of our study was to investigate abnormalities in patients with BDI and BDII by simultaneously analyzing cortical volume, thickness and surface area, which yields more information about disease-and symptom-related neurobiology. Methods: We used MRI to measure cortical volume, thickness and area in patients with BDI and BDII as well as in healthy controls. The large study cohort enabled us to adjust for important confounding factors. Results: We included 81 patients with BDI, 59 with BDII and 85 controls in our analyses. Cortical volume, thickness and surface area abnormalities were present ...

show abstract

Section: Cortical Abnormalities In Patients With Bdi and Bdiisupporting

confidence: 82%

Cortical thickness, volume and surface area in patients with bipolar disorder types I and II

Abé

Ekman

Sellgren

et al. 2016

jpn

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…During VBM a stimulus is presented for a very short fixed period of time before being replaced by a non-informative mask. BD patients appear to have impaired performance both during and after a manic episode (Fleming & Green, 1995). MacQueen et al (2001) found that medicated euthymic BD subjects were impaired at both identifying what the stimulus was and where on the display screen it had been located.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognition in mania and depression

Tavares¹,

Drevets²,

Sahakian³

2003

Psychol. Med.

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The inclusion of cognitive symptoms in the DSM-IV criteria for major depressive and manic episodes highlight the importance of cognition in both of these psychiatric disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). For example, criteria for diagnosis of these conditions include a diminished ability to concentrate and indecisiveness. In addition, numerous studies have demonstrated wide-ranging cognitive deficits in depression (for example Elliott et al. 1996; Purcell et al. 1997; Murphy et al. 2003) and mania (Goldberg et al. 1993; Murphy et al. 1999, 2001; Sweeney et al. 2000). These include deficits in early information processing (Tsourtos et al. 2002), recollection memory (MacQueen et al. 2002) and planning (Elliott et al. 1996) as well as affective biases (Murphy et al. 1999) and abnormal responses to negative feedback (Elliott et al. 1996, 1997; Murphy et al. 2003). Some residual deficits are also evident in a proportion of remitted subjects, even when controlling for mood (for example, Clark et al. 2002).

show abstract

“…However, it is unclear if impaired backward masking is specific to schizophrenia spectrum disorders (Rund et al, 2004). Studies comparing backward masking performance of subjects with bipolar disorder to that of non-patients have been inconsistent (Saccuzzo and Braff, 1981;Green andWalker, 1986;Rund, 1993;Green et al, 1994a;Fleming and Green, 1995;MacQueen et al, 2001). Studies comparing backward masking performance of subjects with major depression without psychotic features to that of nonpatients, on the other hand, consistently find no differences Braff, 1981, 1986;Elkins et al, 1992;Arolt, 1997, 1998;Rund et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early visual information processing deficit in depression with and without Borderline Personality Disorder

Keilp

Klain

Brodsky

et al. 2007

Psychiatry Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Backward masking is a measure of early visual information processing usually abnormal in psychotic disorders. Previous studies of subjects with Borderline Personality Disorder have been inconsistent regarding their impairment or lack of impairment on backward masking. We examined visual backward masking performance in samples of unmedicated depressed patients with (n=12) and without (n=16) Borderline Personality Disorder, and healthy volunteers (n=18). Accuracy was poorer in depressed BPD patients, relative to both non-BPD depressed and healthy comparison subjects. As in previous studies, no differences in accuracy were found between non-BPD depressed patients and healthy comparison subjects. Differences in BPD subjects' accuracy were most evident at the fastest ISI and were not attributable to intercurrent psychotic symptoms. Beyond these group differences, accuracy at faster ISI's correlated with self-ratings of impulsiveness in all patients, and may be a general correlate of this trait. Poor early information processing appears to be a feature of Borderline Personality Disorder, and may play a role in the impulsive behavior that is characteristic of the disorder.

show abstract

Backward masking performance during and after manic episodes.

Cited by 29 publications

References 20 publications

Cortical thickness, volume and surface area in patients with bipolar disorder types I and II

Cortical thickness, volume and surface area in patients with bipolar disorder types I and II

Cognition in mania and depression

Early visual information processing deficit in depression with and without Borderline Personality Disorder

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About