Backward masking as a measure of slow processing in the schizophrenia spectrum: A reply to Schwartz.

Saccuzzo, Dennis P.; Schubert, Donald L.

doi:10.1037/0021-843x.92.4.503

Cited by 7 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…One limitation of the current study was the use of a suprathreshold fixed target duration instead of a CSD in which the target duration is set individually at a threshold level for each person. The pros and cons of these procedures have received spirited discussion in the psychopathology literature (e.g., Saccuzzo and Schubert, 1983; Schwartz, 1983). To put the discussion in context, there is some debate in the experimental psychology literature abou the relative importance of SOA (which refers to the time lapse between the onset of the target and that of the mask) versus the ISI (which refers to the lapse between the offset of the target and the onset of the mask).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Backward masking performance during and after manic episodes.

Fleming¹,

Green²

1995

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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In a longitudinal design, 16 inpatients with bipolar mood disorder and 16 normal control participants were administered measures of backward masking. Bipolar inpatients were assessed while actively manic and again following manic episode. Clinical state was determined from ratings on an expanded version of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Two backward masking paradigms were used: (a) a staircase method, which yielded a critical interstimulus interval, and (b) set interstimulus intervals, which provided a masking function. Bipolar patients performed significantly worse than the normal controls at both sessions, but the Group X Session interaction was nonsignificant with both masking procedures. The masking performance deficit for the manic patients was not related to the presence of psychotic symptoms but seemed to be partially associated with lithium treatment. The results indicate that the impaired masking performance of manic patients is not strictly limited to the period of the manic episode.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Backward masking performance during and after manic episodes.

Fleming¹,

Green²

1995

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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“…Briefly, the target stimulus duration was initially set at 1.0 ms and increased in increments of 1.0 ms for each incorrect response until the subject reached the criterion of seven consecutive correct identifications. The CSD provides a suprathreshold exposure duration (see Saccuzzo and Schubert 1983). Targets were presented at each subject’s independently determined CSDs for the masking experiment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information-processing Abnormalities: Trait- and State-dependent Components

Saccuzzo

Braff

1986

Schizophrenia Bulletin

133

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Schizophrenics were compared to schizoaffective, bipolar, and nonpsychotic depressed patients in a visual masking paradigm in which an informational target stimulus was followed at varying intervals by a noninformational masking stimulus. In limiting the availability of the sensory signal provided by the target stimulus, the mask was used to probe how information from the environment enters and is processed by the central nervous system. The use of the masking paradigm was originally based on the hypothesis that thought disorder is a result of a more primary dysfunction in the processes that precede and result in thought. Results confirmed previous findings of a performance deficit in the schizophrenics when compared to nonpsychotic controls. Schizoaffective and bipolar patients also showed evidence of impaired processing, however. Results were interpreted in terms of a trait/state formulation in which impaired information processing is seen as a fundamental trait of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and as a state that can covary with psychotic illness in general. A unifying concept centers on the effects of psychopathological conditions on an individual's processing resources that results in either underprovision or overprovision of information from sensory input to complex cognitive operations dependent on the cerebral cortex. Findings from a variety of paradigms are consistent with those of the masking paradigm in revealing that the processing deficits of schizophrenics are time dependent and occur in the 500 ms following stimulus input.

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“…The choice of one or more target durations is a difficult one and subject to debate (Saccuzzo 1981; Stanovich and Purcell 1981; Saccuzzo and Schubert 1983; Schwartz 1983 a , 1983 b ). It is an extremely important decision since a 1-ms change in stimulus duration can lead to a 50 percent or more change in identification accuracy (Dick 1974; Schwartz 1983 b ).…”

Section: Visual Masking Within the Schizophrenia Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Masking and the Schizophrenia Spectrum: Interfacing Clinical and Experimental Methods

Balogh

Merritt

1987

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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The present article reviews and evaluates 20 studies of susceptibility to visual masking among individuals within the schizophrenia spectrum using a neurophysiological framework provided by a multichannel model of masking. Particular emphasis is placed upon methodological considerations within the context of the current experimental visual masking literature. While there is ample evidence to suggest that individuals within the schizophrenia spectrum frequently exhibit a backward masking deficit, very little can be understood about the specific nature of the deficit. To gain increased understanding of the specific nature of this deficit, researchers need to use some contemporary theory of masking and derive a theoretical design rationale that facilitates a priori predictions in addition to the more typical post hoc theorizing.

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Backward masking as a measure of slow processing in the schizophrenia spectrum: A reply to Schwartz.

Abstract: The preceding comment does not accurately represent Saccuzzo and Schubert (1981). It misinterprets the critical stimulus duration (CSD) and makes a number of critical omissions. We make four main points. We refute the comment and show that it has no basis in fact.

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Backward masking performance during and after manic episodes.

Backward masking performance during and after manic episodes.

Information-processing Abnormalities: Trait- and State-dependent Components

Visual Masking and the Schizophrenia Spectrum: Interfacing Clinical and Experimental Methods

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