“…During the past few decades, a large number of algorithms and approaches have been proposed for the single-objective UBQP in the literature. This includes several exact methods based on branch and bound or branch and cut [8,9,10] and a number of heuristic and metaheuristic methods like simulated annealing [11], tabu search [12,13,14,15,16], path-relinking [17], evolutionary and memetic algorithms [18,19,20,21].…”