Back home? Uncertainties for returning seized animals to the source‐areas under climate change

Déstro, Guilherme Fernando Gomes; Fernandes, Virgínia de; Andrade, André Felipe Alves de; Marco, Paulo De; Terribile, Levi Carina

doi:10.1111/gcb.14760

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Birds represent the majority of species traded as wild pets in Brazil, most of which come from illegal capture in the wild [11][12][13][14]. In addition, trade in these birds occurs interregionally, involving native and exotic species from each region of the country [15][16][17][18] and is associated with occurrence of some species traded outside their natural range [19,20], possibly due to escape or release of these animals [21,22]. Thus, the need to investigate the factors involved in the trade of wild birds in this scenario is evident, including the biological attributes of the species with greater commercial demand and the factors that guide consumer interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

WITHDRAWN: Understanding the drivers of the live bird trade in Brazil

Azeredo

Alves

2023

Preprint

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BACKGROUND Several bird species involved in commercial trade of pets in Brazil, have presented occurrences outside their natural habitat, which may indicate possible introductions due to this activity. In this context we sought to evaluate the factors that influence the public’s interest in wild birds sold as pets in Brazil, and the relationship of those factors with new occurrences of birds outside their natural distribution area, discussing the relationship of commercial trade with possible introductions in new environments. METHODS We compiled the richness of bird species traded in Brazil and obtained comparative data of public interest directed to these species through the Google Trend tool. In addition, we gathered data on biological attributes and data on the sale price of the species in the trade, to analyze which factors would be related to public interest. New occurrences of birds outside their natural range were considered only if they were at a minimum distance of 800 km. Thus, factors related to public interest were then used to assess whether there was a relationship with these new occurrences. Data analysis was performed using Mixed Generalized Linear Models (GLMMs). RESULTS The results indicated that the public’s interest in certain species varies according to the region of the country, suggesting that the profile of interest in wild birds by people on the internet can be guided by sociocultural factors of each location. In addition, we found that the public interest is greater for songbirds, with generalist diet, which live in more open environments, have a greater distribution area and are sold at lower prices. All those factors, except for the distribution area, also showed to be related to the birds that presented new occurrences. CONCLUSIONS The public's preference for birds from more open and more generalist environments is probably the most important data, as such factors generally indicate greater environmental tolerance, which may favor the establishment of these birds in new environments. Thus, actions aimed at the conservation of commercialized species are essential to reduce the interregional trade of species, and consequently reduce the impact on natural populations and reduce the potential for new biological introductions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

WITHDRAWN: Understanding the drivers of the live bird trade in Brazil

Azeredo

Alves

2023

Preprint

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“…Climate change is one of the important drivers affecting species survival, causing global biodiversity loss 2 – 5 . Climate change affects species in different ways, such as altering the suitability of current habitat of species, resulting in accelerated extinction rates 2 , 6 , 7 . The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates that if Earth's average temperature rises between 2 and 3 °C, about 20 to 30% of all terrestrial biodiversity will be at high risk of extinction by the end of the century 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change threatens native potential agroforestry plant species in Brazil

Lima

Joner

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Climate change is one of the main drivers of species extinction in the twentyfirst-century. Here, we (1) quantify potential changes in species' bioclimatic area of habitat (BAH) of 135 native potential agroforestry species from the Brazilian flora, using two different climate change scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5) and dispersal scenarios, where species have no ability to disperse and reach new areas (non-dispersal) and where species can migrate within the estimated BAH (full dispersal) for 2041–2060 and 2061–2080. We then (2) assess the preliminary conservation status of each species based on IUCN criteria. Current and future potential habitats for species were predicted using MaxEnt, a machine-learning algorithm used to estimate species' probability distribution. Future climate is predicted to trigger a mean decline in BAH between 38.5–56.3% under the non-dispersal scenario and between 22.3–41.9% under the full dispersal scenario for 135 native potential agroforestry species. Additionally, we found that only 4.3% of the studied species could be threatened under the IUCN Red List criteria B1 and B2. However, when considering the predicted quantitative habitat loss due to climate change (A3c criterion) the percentages increased between 68.8–84.4% under the non-dispersal scenario and between 40.7–64.4% under the full dispersal scenario. To lessen such threats, we argue that encouraging the use of these species in rural and peri-urban agroecosystems are promising, complementary strategies for their long-term conservation.

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“…Values ≥ 0.5 indicate acceptable models in the field of ecology and for the purpose of protected-area design e.g. : 14 , 19 , 20 , 55 – 57 . To convert predicted species distributions into presence/absence maps, we used threshold values 58 , 59 that were derived from the ROC curve.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Use of the maximum threshold value (the Max TSS threshold) to maximize the specificity and sensitivity of models and tends to produce more-restricted distributions 19 , e.g. : 57 , 60 , 61 . Additionally, we performed a Monte Carlo simulation test to evaluate the dependency of AUC on the number of occurrences 6 (Table 1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protected areas are not effective for the conservation of freshwater insects in Brazil

Dias-Silva

Vieira

Moreira

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Biodiversity conservation has faced many challenges, especially the conversion of natural areas that compete with use for agriculture, energy production and mineral extraction. This problem is further aggravated by lack of knowledge of the biodiversity that exists and the geographical distribution of different groups. The objectives of our study were to examine the distributional pattern of Gerromorpha diversity in Brazil, create a map of conservation priority areas, estimate the degree of protection that the current network of protected areas guarantees to this insect group, and identify the size thresholds in geographical distributions that would allow species to be protected. We used species occurrences from the Water Bugs Distributional Database, and we used 19 bioclimatic variables to build models of the potential distributions of species using the MaxEnt program. Using the potential model results, we calculated diversity metrics and overlapped them with the current state and federal “conservation units” (protected areas for biodiversity) in Brazil. Total beta diversity and turnover portions were separated into two faunistic groups, one in northern and the other in southern Brazil. The Amazon has higher beta diversity than what was predicted by the null models. We detected a positive relationship between species distribution area and occurrence in conservation units. Conservation units with less than 250 km2 do not protect Gerromorpha species. Our results reinforce the necessity of formulating new conservation strategies for this group, contemplating species with both restricted and ample distributions, because rare and specialist species are the most harmed by habitat reduction, given that they are more sensitive to environmental disturbance.

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Back home? Uncertainties for returning seized animals to the source‐areas under climate change

Cited by 8 publications

References 111 publications

WITHDRAWN: Understanding the drivers of the live bird trade in Brazil

WITHDRAWN: Understanding the drivers of the live bird trade in Brazil

Climate change threatens native potential agroforestry plant species in Brazil

Protected areas are not effective for the conservation of freshwater insects in Brazil

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