Bacillary Hemoglobinuria

Navarro, Mauricio A.; Quintela, Fernando Dutra; Uzal, Francisco A.

doi:10.1002/9781118728291.ch22

Cited by 8 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In other countries Fascioloides magna and Dicrocoelium dendriticum may also be associated with the disease (Navarro et al 2016). The main determinant of the incidence of the disease is the amount of hepatic trematodes in the cattle grazing area (Navarro et al 2016). However in some cases of the outbreaks reported in this study, no evidence of parasitism was observed in the liver.…”

Section: Results and Adiscussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

“…BH may be sporadic or endemic. Morbidity is 0.25%-12% (Schild 2007) and the mortality is 80-100% (Navarro et al 2016). High incidence of BH occurs in flooded regions where the occurrence of hepatic trematodes, mainly Fasciola hepatica exist (Barros 2016a).…”

Section: Results and Adiscussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High incidence of BH occurs in flooded regions where the occurrence of hepatic trematodes, mainly Fasciola hepatica exist (Barros 2016a). In other countries Fascioloides magna and Dicrocoelium dendriticum may also be associated with the disease (Navarro et al 2016). The main determinant of the incidence of the disease is the amount of hepatic trematodes in the cattle grazing area (Navarro et al 2016).…”

Section: Results and Adiscussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these cases BH may become endemic. Paradoxically, in these regions, dry conditions induce cattle to concentrate in parts of the field where there is some water and consequently high populations of F. hepatica (Navarro et al 2016).…”

Section: Results and Adiscussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clostridial diseases diagnosed in cattle from the South of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A forty-year survey (1978-2018) and a brief review of the literature

et al. 2019

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Clostridial diseases are important causes of livestock losses in the southern Rio Grande do Sul. Since 1978 annual surveys conducted at the “Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico” of the “Universidade Federal de Pelotas” (LRD-UFPel) have shown that clostridial diseases represent 10.40% of the bacterial diseases diagnosed in cattle and 1.65% of all diseases diagnosis in cattle over a 40-year period. The purpose of this study is to review the clinical, epidemiological and pathological aspects of the clostridial diseases diagnosed in cattle from January 1978 to December 2018 at the LRD-UFPel in the hopes that it will constitute a useful guide for field veterinary practitioners and interested farmers. We assessed and review the necropsy protocols of 6,736 cattle; these necropsies were performed either by LRD-UFPel faculty or by field veterinary practitioners; 111 outbreaks (1.65%) were diagnosed as clostridial disease, distributed as follows: 35 outbreaks of tetanus, 34 of blackleg, 23 of bacillary hemoglobinuria, 11 of malignant edema (gas gangrene), and eight of botulism. Approximately 904, from a total of 42,480 cattle at risk, died in these outbreaks.

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Section: Results and Adiscussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Section: Results and Adiscussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results and Adiscussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results and Adiscussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Clostridial diseases diagnosed in cattle from the South of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A forty-year survey (1978-2018) and a brief review of the literature

et al. 2019

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“…C. haemolyticum also produces beta toxin, but in much larger quantities than C. novyi type B; this toxin is considered the main virulence factor of this microorganism, and it is responsible for bacillary hemoglobinuria (BH), a disease affecting mainly cattle that is clinically and pathologically very similar to INH. 11,10,14 The spores of C. novyi are highly resistant to environmental conditions and, given that the spores are commonly found in soil, grazing animals may ingest them frequently. 6,19 Although not fully proved, the current dogma is that, after ingestion, the spores of C. novyi type B are absorbed from the intestine and reach the liver via the portal circulation, after which they are spread to other organs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Infectious necrotic hepatitis caused by Clostridium novyi type B in a horse: case report and review of the literature

et al. 2017

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A 14-y-old bay Quarter Horse gelding was presented with progressive neurologic signs, elevated rectal temperature, and icterus for 3 d prior to death. Postmortem examination revealed icterus, large amounts of serosanguineous fluid in the abdominal cavity, widespread petechiae and ecchymoses in several organs, and a large, pale, and well-demarcated focus of necrosis in the liver. Histologically, there was coagulative necrosis surrounded by a rim of inflammatory cells and large numbers of gram-positive rods, which were identified as Clostridium novyi by immunohistochemistry. Liver samples tested by PCR were positive for C. novyi type B flagellin and alpha toxin genes, but negative for Clostridium haemolyticum and other clostridia. Based on postmortem findings and ancillary tests, a definitive diagnosis of infectious necrotic hepatitis (INH) was made. Mostly a disease of ruminants, also known as black disease, INH has rarely been reported in horses, and a definitive etiologic diagnosis has not been achieved previously; the etiology of all cases reported to date was identified as C. novyi but the type was not determined. Animals are predisposed to clostridial hepatitis when hepatic anaerobiosis is established. Such conditions allow germination and proliferation of bacterial spores, resulting in production and release of toxins. INH, caused by C. novyi type B, and bacillary hemoglobinuria, caused by C. haemolyticum, are mechanistically and pathologically almost indistinguishable. Because these 2 microorganisms are closely related, differentiation requires molecular tools.

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Large Clostridial Toxins: Mechanisms and Roles in Disease

Orrell

Melnyk

2021

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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Large clostridial toxins (LCTs) are a family of bacterial exotoxins that infiltrate and destroy target cells. Members of the LCT family include Clostridioides difficile toxins TcdA and TcdB, Paeniclostridium sordellii toxins TcsL and TcsH, Clostridium novyi toxin TcnA, and Clostridium perfringens toxin TpeL.

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Bacillary Hemoglobinuria

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Clostridial diseases diagnosed in cattle from the South of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A forty-year survey (1978-2018) and a brief review of the literature

Clostridial diseases diagnosed in cattle from the South of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A forty-year survey (1978-2018) and a brief review of the literature

Infectious necrotic hepatitis caused by Clostridium novyi type B in a horse: case report and review of the literature

Large Clostridial Toxins: Mechanisms and Roles in Disease

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