B Vitamins: Small molecules, big effects

Rahman, Shamima; Baumgartner, Matthias R.

doi:10.1002/jimd.12127

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…One or more B vitamins are involved in every energy-producing reaction of the cells, such as the mitochondrial citric acid cycle and cellular aerobic respiration [2]. They also play vital roles in immune functions, neurotransmitter synthesis, one-carbon metabolism, cell signalling, and even nucleic acid biosynthesis [3][4][5]. For instance, coenzyme A, an active form of vitamin B5, is a ubiquitous molecule in the cells and acts as a cofactor or direct precursor for numerous cellular intermediates [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

B Vitamins and Their Roles in Gut Health

2022

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B vitamins act as coenzymes in a myriad of cellular reactions. These include energy production, methyl donor generation, neurotransmitter synthesis, and immune functions. Due to the ubiquitous roles of these vitamins, their deficiencies significantly affect the host’s metabolism. Recently, novel roles of B vitamins in the homeostasis of gut microbial ecology and intestinal health continue to be unravelled. This review focuses on the functional roles and biosynthesis of B vitamins and how these vitamins influence the growth and proliferation of the gut microbiota. We have identified the gut bacteria that can produce vitamins, and their biosynthetic mechanisms are presented. The effects of B vitamin deficiencies on intestinal morphology, inflammation, and its effects on intestinal disorders are also discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

B Vitamins and Their Roles in Gut Health

2022

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“…Participants’ weekly duration of resistance exercise was positively associated with intake of vitamins B2, B3, B5, B6, and B12. B vitamins are an important group of vitamins that perform an essential role in cell function [ 42 ]. There is growing evidence that there may be a relationship between vitamin B intake and muscle strength.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Different Types of Exercise and Intake of Nutrients including Carbohydrate, Fat, Protein, and B Vitamins in Young Adults

et al. 2023

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Purpose: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between different types of exercise and nutrient intake to provide a basis for promoting the overall health of young adults. Methods: A total of 427 young adults (217 women) aged 21 to 35 were recruited. Participants self-reported time spent (min/week) in endurance exercise, resistance exercise, sports, walking, and other structured physical activity (PA). Nutrient intake was determined via telephone-administered 24 h recalls. Results: Resistance exercise was positively associated with intake of protein, vitamins B2, B3, B5, B6, and B12 and the percentage of total calories from protein (PCT-PRO), and negatively associated with the percentage of total calories from carbohydrate (PCT-CHO) (p < 0.05). Time spent in aerobic exercise was positively associated with fiber, pectin, and vitamin B6 intake, and negatively associated with PCT-PRO (p < 0.05). Time spent exercising was negatively associated with fiber and pectin intake (p < 0.05). Time spent performing other structured PA was positively associated with pectin intake (p < 0.05). Participants’ total exercise time was positively associated with intake of vitamins B2, B5, B12, and PCT-Fat, PCT-PRO, and negatively associated with PCT-CHO (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results showed an association between various exercise types and specific nutrients. It may be worthwhile to point out the negative association of exercise with CHO intake, which may need to be examined more closely in active young adults. In addition, the supplementation of B vitamins and pectin may be beneficial for their exercise performance and post-exercise recovery.

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“…Group B vitamins represent a group of structurally heterogeneous water-soluble molecules performing cofactor roles for a plethora of enzymes involved in human energy metabolism ( 269 ), including bone physiology and protection against osteoporosis ( 270 ). However, certain contradictions regarding the protective effects of group B vitamins exist ( 271 ).…”

Section: Group B Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of vitamins beyond vitamin D₃ in bone health and osteoporosis (Review)

Skalny,

Aschner,

Tsatsakis

et al. 2023

Int J Mol Med

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The objective of the present review was to summarize the molecular mechanisms associated with the effects of the vitamins A, C, E and K, and group B vitamins on bone and their potential roles in the development of osteoporosis. Epidemiological findings have demonstrated an association between vitamin deficiency and a higher risk of developing osteoporosis; vitamins are positively related to bone health upon their intake at the physiological range. Excessive vitamin intake can also adversely affect bone formation, as clearly demonstrated for vitamin A. Vitamins E (tocopherols and tocotrienols), K 2 (menaquinones 4 and 7) and C have also been shown to promote osteoblast development through bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, as well as the TGFβ/Smad pathway (α-tocopherol). Vitamin A metabolite (all-trans retinoic acid) exerts both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on BMP- and Wnt/β-catenin-mediated osteogenesis at the nanomolar and micromolar range, respectively. Certain vitamins significantly reduce receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) production and RANKL/RANK signaling, while increasing the level of osteoprotegerin (OPG), thus reducing the RANKL/OPG ratio and exerting anti-osteoclastogenic effects. Ascorbic acid can both promote and inhibit RANKL signaling, being essential for osteoclastogenesis. Vitamin K 2 has also been shown to prevent vascular calcification by activating matrix Gla protein through its carboxylation. Therefore, the maintenance of a physiological intake of vitamins should be considered as a nutritional strategy for the prevention of osteoporosis.

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B Vitamins: Small molecules, big effects

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

B Vitamins and Their Roles in Gut Health

B Vitamins and Their Roles in Gut Health

Association between Different Types of Exercise and Intake of Nutrients including Carbohydrate, Fat, Protein, and B Vitamins in Young Adults

Role of vitamins beyond vitamin D₃ in bone health and osteoporosis (Review)

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B Vitamins: Small molecules, big effects

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

B Vitamins and Their Roles in Gut Health

B Vitamins and Their Roles in Gut Health

Association between Different Types of Exercise and Intake of Nutrients including Carbohydrate, Fat, Protein, and B Vitamins in Young Adults

Role of vitamins beyond vitamin D3 in bone health and osteoporosis (Review)

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Role of vitamins beyond vitamin D₃ in bone health and osteoporosis (Review)