Nitrogen‐induced changes in colony density and spore production of Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei on seedlings of six spring barley cultivars

Jensen, Birgit; Munk, Lisa

doi:10.1046/j.1365-3059.1997.d01-224.x

Cited by 83 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…There is a wealth of epidemiological data showing that the severity of fungal pathogens is increased by nitrogen fertiliser input to the host plant. This applies in particular to biotrophic pathogens and hemibiotrophic pathogens such as Puccinia spp., Blumeria graminis, Magnaporthe grisea and Phytophthora infestans (Last 1962;Matsuyama and Diamond 1973;Huber and Watson 1974;Hofmeester 1992;Jensen and Munk 1997;Newton and Guy 1998). The techniques developed in this study would make the C. fulvum±tomato interaction an ideal system in which to directly monitor the eect of nitrogen fertilisation on pathogenicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nitrogen content of the tomato leaf apoplast increases during infection by Cladosporium fulvum

Solomon

Oliver

2001

Planta

152

101

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To address the problem of the nutritional requirements of phyto-pathogenic fungi growing in planta, the environment for the intercellular biotrophic pathogen, Cladosporium fulvum Cooke, of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was analysed. Using a novel technique for infiltrating the intercellular space, we measured the concentrations of 21 amino acids, nitrate and ammonia in the apoplast of the tomato leaf during infection. The concentrations of most amino acids, and total nitrogen content, increased during infection. The levels of nearly all amino acids remained relatively unchanged during an incompatible interaction. All protein amino acids were detected during infection, except cysteine and tryptophan. Most amino acids were present at a concentration between 0.1-0.7 mM. The non-protein amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid was detected at the highest concentration (up to 2.5 mM) during the compatible interaction. Preliminary investigations on the source of the amino acids revealed that protease activity within the apoplast increased during infection and that infection induced the expression of the pathogenicity-related extracellular serine protease P69B. The nitrogen status of the infecting fungus and sources for the additional amino acids are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nitrogen content of the tomato leaf apoplast increases during infection by Cladosporium fulvum

Solomon

Oliver

2001

Planta

152

101

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“…Increased supply of N to the plant led to higher spore production by the powdery mildew fungus Oidium lycopersicum, and increased leaf colonization by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato suggested that increased leaf N caused greater susceptibility to these pathogens. N fertilization has been shown to increase levels of powdery mildew attack on cereals in the field, and experiments carried out on seedlings of six different barley cultivars showed a positive correlation between N application and powdery mildew disease severity (Jensen and Munk, 1997). A further link between host and pathogen N was noted by Robert et al (2002) who correlated spore production by the rust fungus Puccinia triticina in wheat seedlings.…”

Section: Nitrogen Fertilization and Pathogenicitymentioning

confidence: 94%

Moving nitrogen to the centre of plant defence against pathogens

Mur

Simpson

Kumari

et al. 2016

Ann Bot

156

193

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“…Nitrogen addition has been hypothesized to increase foliar fungal disease severity by mechanisms such as increasing the concentration of foliar N available as a resource to the pathogens (the nitrogendisease hypothesis) (Jensen and Munk 1997;Nordin et al 1998;Strengbom et al 2002), decreased production of defensive compounds (Sander and Heitefuss 1998), or increased microclimate humidity (Jenkyn 1976) (cited by Mitchell et al 2003). In the present study, in both the pot and field experiments, wheat foliar N concentrations increased significantly with increasing N rate and the DI and DSI of wheat were highly and positively correlated with the foliar N concentrations in accordance with the nitrogen-disease hypothesis (Jensen and Munk 1997;Nordin et al 1998;Strengbom et al 2002), implying that N fertilizer management may be a key component in the control of wheat powdery mildew.…”

Section: Influence Of N Addition On Wheat Powdery Mildewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat powdery mildew and foliar N concentrations as influenced by N fertilization and belowground interactions with intercropped faba bean

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2007

Plant Soil

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Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production by intercropping with faba bean (Vicia faba L.) has increased in popularity but is often associated with severe wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer). Very little is known about the effects of below-and aboveground interspecific interactions on wheat nitrogen (N) nutrition and occurrence of wheat powdery mildew. A greenhouse pot experiment examined four N application rates and three belowground partition types (plastic film, nylon mesh partition or no partition) to study N nutrition and interactions between wheat and faba bean growing together. A field experiment investigated three N application rates and growth of wheat in monoculture and intercropped with faba bean with or without belowground plastic film partitions between wheat and faba bean. Disease incidence (DI) and disease severity index (DSI) were assessed at flowering stage and wheat leaves were sampled and analyzed for N. Foliar N was enhanced substantially by N addition in greenhouse and field conditions and also by belowground interactions (no partition compared with plastic film partition) in the pot experiment (all P < 0.001). There was a significant synergistic effect between N rate and belowground interactions on the enhancement of wheat N uptake (P < 0.01) in the pot experiment. DI and DSI of mildew increased markedly with increasing N rate in both experiments (all P < 0.001). In the pot experiment DI and DSI showed no marked differences among belowground partitions (both P > 0.05) but belowground interactions had soil but promoting disease with 0.05 g added N kg -1 soil. In the field experiment DI and DSI showed no significant differences between wheat monoculture and intercropping (both P > 0.05). However, the contributions of below-and aboveground interactions to disease control were different under different N rates, with interspecific root interactions increasing DI and DSI under different N rates and aboveground interactions increasing DI and DSI under zero-N application but decreasing DI and DSI at 150 and 300 kg N ha -1 . The data suggest that the microclimate in the field and biological control mechanisms due to belowground interactions in wheat-faba bean associations may influence the incidence and severity of wheat powdery mildew.

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**Nitrogen‐induced changes in colony density and spore production of Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei on seedlings of six spring barley cultivars**

Cited by 83 publications

References 24 publications

The nitrogen content of the tomato leaf apoplast increases during infection by Cladosporium fulvum

The nitrogen content of the tomato leaf apoplast increases during infection by Cladosporium fulvum

Moving nitrogen to the centre of plant defence against pathogens

Wheat powdery mildew and foliar N concentrations as influenced by N fertilization and belowground interactions with intercropped faba bean

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