patients with suspected inflammation or tumors of the major salivary glands were examined by high resolution real-time sonography. Sonographic characteristic of these lesions, including shape, margin, echogenicity, echotexture and vascularization, were studied. Presumed sonographic diagnosis was compared with the histopathology. Patients with periglandular pathology not involving salivary gland were excluded from study. RESULT: Out of 62 patients, 23(37.09%) had salivary gland tumors (16 benign, 7 malignant), 22(35.4%) had acute sialadenitis, 8(12.9%) chronic sialadenitis, 1(1.6%) lymphadenitis, 8(12.9%) patients had sialolithiasis, 3(4.8%) patients had abscess, 3(4.8%) fatty infiltration. Few patients had more than one pathologies. CONCLUSION: Inflammation is the most common pathology affecting salivary gland (48.3%). In acute inflammation, sonography helps to confirm or rule out abscesses or sialectasia. Salivary calculi can be diagnosed in most cases by sonography and sonography is a valuable primary evaluation for the visualization of salivary gland tumors. Ultrasound is able to distinguish benign from malignant tumors in 87% of cases. Tumor cannot be delineated completely by means of sonography, for which a CT or MRI should be performed.