AIMS AND OBJECTIVE:To compare the role of sonourethrography (SUG) and retrograde urethrography (RGU) in detection of urethral strictures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was done in the Department of Radiodiagnosis and Surgery, G R Medical College, Gwalior between September 2012 & September 2013. 80 male patients between age group 10 to 70 years with symptoms of lower urinary tract obstruction underwent RGU followed by SUG. Patients having urethral pathologies other than stricture were excluded from the study. The findings of SUG and RGU were compared with each other and per operatively and results analyzed. RESULTS: Out of the 80 patients taken into study, 60 were diagnosed as having urethral stricture. The most common site of stricture was bulbar urethra (53.3%) followed by penile (33.3%) & diffuse (13.3%) on SUG. 29,25 and 6 cases had short segment (< 2 cm), intermediate (2-4 cm) and long stricture (> 4 cm) on SUG as compared to 33, 21 and 4 cases on RGU. SUG had sensitivity and specificity of 96.5% and 96.7% respectively while RGU had sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 78%. For stricture thickness of <4mm, SUG had sensitivity and specificity of 97% and 86%. CONCLUSION: Thus we conclude that SUG is more sensitive and specific in diagnosing the length, site and thickness of urethral stricture as compared to RGU. Hence, we recommend the use of sonourethrography with greater frequency for pre-surgical assessment of urethral strictures in men.
patients with suspected inflammation or tumors of the major salivary glands were examined by high resolution real-time sonography. Sonographic characteristic of these lesions, including shape, margin, echogenicity, echotexture and vascularization, were studied. Presumed sonographic diagnosis was compared with the histopathology. Patients with periglandular pathology not involving salivary gland were excluded from study. RESULT: Out of 62 patients, 23(37.09%) had salivary gland tumors (16 benign, 7 malignant), 22(35.4%) had acute sialadenitis, 8(12.9%) chronic sialadenitis, 1(1.6%) lymphadenitis, 8(12.9%) patients had sialolithiasis, 3(4.8%) patients had abscess, 3(4.8%) fatty infiltration. Few patients had more than one pathologies. CONCLUSION: Inflammation is the most common pathology affecting salivary gland (48.3%). In acute inflammation, sonography helps to confirm or rule out abscesses or sialectasia. Salivary calculi can be diagnosed in most cases by sonography and sonography is a valuable primary evaluation for the visualization of salivary gland tumors. Ultrasound is able to distinguish benign from malignant tumors in 87% of cases. Tumor cannot be delineated completely by means of sonography, for which a CT or MRI should be performed.
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