<b>Annatto, the Pigment of</b> <i>Bixa Orellana</i>

Dendy, Dav

doi:10.1080/00128325.1966.11662106

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The pigment and oil contents were 1.37% it 0.09 (wt) and 11.6% 1 0.3 (wt), respectively. This pigment value was within the 0.76-3.70% range reported by Dendy (1966) and Bhalkar and Dubash (1983).…”

Section: Results and Discussion Pigment Or Oil Composition Of Annatto Ssupporting

confidence: 89%

Extraction of Annatto Seed Pigment by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Degnan

Elbe

Hartel

1991

Journal of Food Science

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Operating pressures ranged 3000-7000 psi and temperatures 40-55°C. Maximum solubility of pure bixin was 0.003 and of annatto seed pigment 0.26 mg/g CO*. Analyses of annatto seed pigment from supercritical carbon dioxide extractions showed only cy-and P-bixin present. Only bixin was extracted from mixed samples consisting of bixin and norbixin. No thermal degradation product was detected in samples extracted within the temperature range we used. Increased temperature resulted in increased pigment/g CO, at all pressures. Isothermal increases in pressure did not increase pigment/g CO*. Efficiency of annatto pigment extraction was increased in the presence of an oil.

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Section: Results and Discussion Pigment Or Oil Composition Of Annatto Ssupporting

confidence: 89%

Extraction of Annatto Seed Pigment by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Degnan

Elbe

Hartel

1991

Journal of Food Science

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“…seeds are composed of an "inner seed" with a shelled kernel containing oils, waxy substances, mineral ash and a poisonous alkaloid (Dendy, 1966), a peel comprised of cellulose and tannins, and an outer covering containing pigments, moisture, cellulose, sugar and a small amount of oils. The chief pigment in this outer covering is the red carotenoid bixin (about 90% of the total pigments).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The popular technique to obtain this pigment is organic solvent extraction (Dendy , 1966). A high transportation cost…”

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confidence: 99%

Production of annatto concentrates in spouted beds

1992

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Annatto is composed of a natural reddish‐yellow pigment, which is commonly used in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. This pigment is easily extracted from Bixa orellana seeds by particle impact and attrition rather than by solvent extraction. Seeds must be dried at a safe temperature to preserve the pigment quality. Experiments show that the annatto powder produced in a non‐conventional spouted bed has a high pigment content and is thus suitable for commercial use. A comparative analysis of the bixin extraction in different systems demonstrates that this spouted bed unit can be competitive for commercial applications. Hydrodynamic and drying parameters were studied to improve the powder production rate in this unit.

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“…Organic solvent extraction is traditionally used to remove bixin from the seed surface (Dendy, 1966). This process is quite expensive and requires several extraction steps to achieve the desired pigment content.…”

Section: Introduction Passos Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Bixin Powder Production in Conical Spouted Bed Units

Passos¹,

Oliveira

Franca

et al. 1998

Drying Technology

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30.160-030 -Belo Horizonte -MG. Brazil 2. Chemical Engineering ProgramICOPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro 2 1.945-970 -Rio de Janeiro -RJ. BrazilABSTRACT Recent work has demonstrated that the red carotenoid bixin is easily extracted from Hlxa orellana seeds by panicle attrition and impact rather than by solvent extraction. This technique may require a previous step for drying seeds at a safe temperature to preserve pigment quality. A spouted bed (SB) with a draft tube is the most appropriate equipment to process both seed drying and bixin extraction at low operational costs. Operational parameters of the SB unit are optimized as a function of the powder production rate. The maximum air inlet temperature for drying the seeds is also specified. A high performance liquid chromatography method has been developed for the semi-quantitative determination of bixin content in the powder produced. Results show that this SB unit can be more competitive than ball mill equipment. 1855CapyrighlO 1998 by Marcel Dekkcr. Inc.

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Annatto, the Pigment of Bixa Orellana

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

Extraction of Annatto Seed Pigment by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Extraction of Annatto Seed Pigment by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Production of annatto concentrates in spouted beds

Bixin Powder Production in Conical Spouted Bed Units

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