B-1 lymphocytes are able to produce IL-10, but is not pathogenic during Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis infection

How to B(e)-1 Important Cell During Leishmania Infection

“…Despite the similarities in the lesion development, there is some conflicting data regarding the parasite load, as BALB/Xid mice present higher parasite load in the footpad of mice infected with the M2269 strain compared to infected WT BALB/c mice (Gonzaga et al, 2017), but there is no differences between the groups infected with the Josefa strain ( Figure 3A) (Firmino-Cruz et al, 2018). While one group claims that the, when repopulated with B-1 lymphocytes, BALB/Xid mice present the same phenotype as BALB/c (Gonzaga et al, 2017), the other claims that this repopulation is not able to change BALB/Xid phenotype (Figure 3A) (Firmino-Cruz et al, 2019). In addition, IL-10 production in these infected mice is also controversial since one group claims that BALB/Xid present a higher level of this cytokine in the spleen (Gonzaga et al, 2017), while the other shows that BALB/Xid present lower IL-10 levels in the footpads, spleen and draining lymph nodes when compared to WT BALB/c mice ( Figure 3A) (Firmino-Cruz et al, 2018).…”

“…Interestingly, L. amazonensis infection modulates the B-1 cell profile in WT mice ( Figure 3A) (Gonzaga et al, 2017;Firmino-Cruz et al, 2019). Besides that, the infection also alters the B-1 subtypes profile, increasing B-1b levels and severely decreasing B-1a levels (Figure 3A) (Firmino-Cruz et al, 2019).…”

“…Interestingly, L. amazonensis infection modulates the B-1 cell profile in WT mice ( Figure 3A) (Gonzaga et al, 2017;Firmino-Cruz et al, 2019). Besides that, the infection also alters the B-1 subtypes profile, increasing B-1b levels and severely decreasing B-1a levels (Figure 3A) (Firmino-Cruz et al, 2019). The interaction between peritoneal B-1 lymphocytes derived from naïve mice and L. amazonensis alone in vitro does not induce IL-10 production (Geraldo et al, 2016;Firmino-Cruz et al, 2019), even though there is an increase in the production of the mRNA of this cytokine ( Figure 3B) (Geraldo et al, 2016).…”

“…Besides that, the infection also alters the B-1 subtypes profile, increasing B-1b levels and severely decreasing B-1a levels (Figure 3A) (Firmino-Cruz et al, 2019). The interaction between peritoneal B-1 lymphocytes derived from naïve mice and L. amazonensis alone in vitro does not induce IL-10 production (Geraldo et al, 2016;Firmino-Cruz et al, 2019), even though there is an increase in the production of the mRNA of this cytokine ( Figure 3B) (Geraldo et al, 2016). However, L. amazonensis is able to increase the IL-10 release caused by LPS and peritoneal B-1 cells derived from infected mice, when interacting to L. amazonensis axenic amastigotes, are able to produce more IL-10 than the ones derived from naïve mice ( Figure 3B) (Firmino-Cruz et al, 2019).…”

“…The interaction between peritoneal B-1 lymphocytes derived from naïve mice and L. amazonensis alone in vitro does not induce IL-10 production (Geraldo et al, 2016;Firmino-Cruz et al, 2019), even though there is an increase in the production of the mRNA of this cytokine ( Figure 3B) (Geraldo et al, 2016). However, L. amazonensis is able to increase the IL-10 release caused by LPS and peritoneal B-1 cells derived from infected mice, when interacting to L. amazonensis axenic amastigotes, are able to produce more IL-10 than the ones derived from naïve mice ( Figure 3B) (Firmino-Cruz et al, 2019). Moreover, the B-1 cell is able to induce the production of TNF in interaction with promastigotes ( Figure 3B) (Geraldo et al, 2016).…”