Azole susceptibility and resistance in Candida dubliniensis

Pinjon, Emmanuelle; Moran, Gary P.; Coleman, David C.; Sullivan, Derek J.

doi:10.1042/bst20051210

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Few authors have suggested that Candida dubliniensis is capable to produce germ tube as well as chlamydospores, its ability shared only with the closely related species C. albicans but the difference is that this species is unable to grow at 42-45°C[22] and is recovered primarily from the oral cavities of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals and AIDS patients . [2324]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Candida albicans by using different culture medias and its association in potentially malignant and malignant lesions

et al. 2011

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Background and Objective:The present study evaluates the association of Candida albicans with normal control group, potentially malignant and malignant lesions of oral cavity by using two different liquid culture media.Materials and Methods:Saliva was collected and biopsy was taken only from those clinically suspected potentially malignant and malignant lesions for histopathological diagnosis. Saliva samples were inoculated for fungal growth in Sabouraud's dextrose agar and culture-positive samples had undergone for Germ tube test. Germ tube-positive samples were further taken for quantification of chlamydospore production in liquid media at 8 and 16 hours.Results:In normal control groups no fungus growth was found; however, potentially malignant and malignant cases showed fungus growth, positive germ tube test and chlamydospore formation. The result also showed rapid and quantitatively more chlamydospore formation in corn meal broth + 5% milk in comparison to serum milk culture media.Conclusion:The oral mucosa is compromised in potentially malignant lesions, it can be argued that this species may be involved in carcinogenesis by elaborating the nitrosamine compounds which either act directly on oral mucosa or interact with other chemical carcinogens to activate specific proto-oncogenes and thereby initiate oral neoplasia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Candida albicans by using different culture medias and its association in potentially malignant and malignant lesions

et al. 2011

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“…However, azole resistance was not affected by efflux pump inhibitors, suggesting that efflux-mediated resistance is not due to efflux pumps alone in C. krusei [69]. Increased efflux pump expression also correlates with increased azole resistance in C. parapsilosis and C. dubliniensis [70,71].…”

Section: Over-expression Of Membrane Transportersmentioning

confidence: 96%

Candidiasis and Mechanisms of Antifungal Resistance

2020

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Candidiasis can be present as a cutaneous, mucosal or deep-seated organ infection, which is caused by more than 20 types of Candida sp., with C. albicans being the most common. These are pathogenic yeast and are usually present in the normal microbiome. High-risk individuals are patients of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), organ transplant, and diabetes. During infection, pathogens can adhere to complement receptors and various extracellular matrix proteins in the oral and vaginal cavity. Oral and vaginal Candidiasis results from the overgrowth of Candida sp. in the hosts, causing penetration of the oral and vaginal tissues. Symptoms include white patches in the mouth, tongue, throat, and itchiness or burning of genitalia. Diagnosis involves visual examination, microscopic analysis, or culturing. These infections are treated with a variety of antifungals that target different biosynthetic pathways of the pathogen. For example, echinochandins target cell wall biosynthesis, while allylamines, azoles, and morpholines target ergosterol biosynthesis, and 5-Flucytosine (5FC) targets nucleic acid biosynthesis. Azoles are commonly used in therapeutics, however, because of its fungistatic nature, Candida sp. evolve azole resistance. Besides azoles, Candida sp. also acquire resistance to polyenes, echinochandins, and 5FC. This review discusses, in detail, the drug resistance mechanisms adapted by Candida sp.

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“…Since germ tube test is routinely used for the differentiation of C. albicans from other Candida species, identification based solely on this test leads to misidentification of some C. albicans isolates in routine diagnostic laboratories [5]. Accurate identification is warranted since C. dubliniensis exhibits increased adherence to buccal epithelial cells and is more likely to develop resistance against fluconazole and other azoles [6,7]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance comparison of phenotypic and molecular methods for detection and differentiation of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis

et al. 2012

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BackgroundCandida albicans is the most pathogenic Candida species but shares many phenotypic features with Candida dubliniensis and may, therefore, be misidentified in clinical microbiology laboratories. Candidemia cases due to C. dubliniensis are increasingly being reported in recent years. Accurate identification is warranted since mortality rates are highest for C. albicans infections, however, C. dubliniensis has the propensity to develop resistance against azoles more easily. We developed a duplex PCR assay for rapid detection and differentiation of C. albicans from C. dubliniensis for resource-poor settings equipped with basic PCR technology and compared its performance with three phenotypic methods.MethodsDuplex PCR was performed on 122 germ tube positive and 12 germ tube negative isolates of Candida species previously identified by assimilation profiles on Vitek 2 ID-YST system. Typical morphologic characteristics on simplified sunflower seed agar (SSA), and reaction with a commercial (Bichro-Dubli) latex agglutination test were also performed. The assay was further applied on 239 clinical yeast and yeast-like fungi and results were confirmed by DNA sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA.ResultsThe results of duplex PCR assay for 122 germ tube positive and 12 germ tube negative isolates of Candida species were comparable to their identification by Vitek 2 ID-YST system, colony characteristics on SSA and latex agglutination test. Application of duplex PCR also correctly identified all 148 C. albicans and 50 C. dubliniensis strains among 239 yeast-like fungi.ConclusionsThe data show that both, duplex PCR and Bichro-Dubli are reliable tests for rapid (within few hours) identification of clinical yeast isolates as C. dubliniensis or C. albicans. However, duplex PCR may be applied directly on clinical yeast isolates for their identification as C. dubliniensis or C. albicans as it does not require prior testing for germ tube formation or latex Candida agglutination.

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Azole susceptibility and resistance in Candida dubliniensis

Cited by 16 publications

References 49 publications

Identification of Candida albicans by using different culture medias and its association in potentially malignant and malignant lesions

Identification of Candida albicans by using different culture medias and its association in potentially malignant and malignant lesions

Candidiasis and Mechanisms of Antifungal Resistance

Performance comparison of phenotypic and molecular methods for detection and differentiation of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis

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