Azimuthal distributions and collective motion in intermediate energy heavy-ion collisions

Wilson, W.K.; Bauer, Wolfgang; Cebra, D.; Cronqvist, M.; Krofcheck, D.; Lacey, R.; Li, T.; Nadasen, A.; Norbeck, E.; Reposeur, T.; Molen, A. Vander; Ogilvie, C. A.; Westfall, G. D.; Winfield, J. S.; Yee, J.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.51.3136

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Below this transition energy, E tran , the experimental data show an in-plane enhancement of the azimuthal distribution. Theoretical calculations established that a rotating compound system created by the mean field, dissipating angu-lar momenta and excitation energy via particle emission, stays at the origin of this observation [7,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Soon, it was realized that a detailed study of such a transition from in-plane to out-of-plane emission as a function of incident energy could give more insight into the relative contribution of the attractive and repulsive forces, the lifetime of the emitting source, its rotational energy and expansion dynamics. Therefore many studies concentrated on this subject [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Transition from in-plane to out-of-plane azimuthal enhancement in Au+Au collisions

Andronic

Stoicea²,

Petrovici³

et al. 2001

Nuclear Physics A

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The incident energy at which the azimuthal distributions in semi-central heavy ion collisions change from in-plane to out-of-plane enhancement -E tran is studied as a function of mass of emitted particles, their transverse momentum and centrality for Au+Au collisions. The analysis is performed in a reference frame rotated with the sidewards flow angle (Θ f low ) relative to the beam axis.A systematic decrease of E tran as function of mass of the reaction products, their transverse momentum and collision centrality is evidenced.The predictions of a microscopic transport model (IQMD) are compared with the experimental results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition from in-plane to out-of-plane azimuthal enhancement in Au+Au collisions

Andronic

Stoicea²,

Petrovici³

et al. 2001

Nuclear Physics A

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“…At lower impact parameters the balance energy is expected to be only sensitive to the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section [13,20]. Recent experimental results [25][26][27][28] revealed also, in the same beam energy range, signatures of a change in the azimuthal emission pattern of mid-rapidity particles, from an in-plane enhancement at low incident energies to the well known out-of-plane preferential emission, the so-called squeeze-out [29,30], at higher energies. The incident energy where this transition takes place (termed E TRA ) is also found to be sensitive to the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Onset of nuclear matter expansion in Au+Au collisions

Crochet¹,

Rami²,

Gobbi³

et al. 1997

Nuclear Physics A

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Using the FOPI detector at GSI Darmstadt, excitation functions of collective flow components were measured for the Au+Au system, in the reaction plane and out of this plane, at seven incident energies ranging from 100A MeV to 800A MeV. The threshold energies, corresponding to the onset of sidewardflow (balance energy) and squeeze-out effect (transition energy), are extracted from extrapolations of these excitation functions toward lower beam energies for charged products with Z ≥ 2. The transition energy is found to be larger than the balance energy. The impact parameter dependence of both balance and transition energies, when extrapolated to central collisions, suggests comparable although slightly higher values than the threshold energy for the radial flow. The relevant parameter seems to be the energy deposited into the system in order to overcome the attractive nuclear forces.

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“…Toward the lower incident energies, the directed flow observables are presumed to be related to the competition of mean-field and nucleon-nucleon collision dynamics and their evolution with the bombarding energy [7,8,9]. Elliptic flow has been identified with the collective motion resulting from the rotation of the compound system or the expansion of the hot and compressed participant zone, possibly modified by the shadowing effect of the colder spectator matter [10,11,12,13,14,15]. Also here, at the intermediate energies, the transition energies at which the flow parameters change sign are particularly useful for the comparison with theory.…”

Section: Formentioning

confidence: 99%