Azide‐Terminated RAFT Polymers for Biological Applications

Abstract

Reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization is a commonly used polymerization methodology to generate synthetic polymers. The products of RAFT polymerization, i.e., RAFT polymers, have been widely employed in several biologically relevant areas, including drug delivery, biomedical imaging, and tissue engineering. In this article, we summarize a synthetic methodology to display an azide group at the chain end of a RAFT polymer, thus presenting a reactive site on the polymer terminus. This platform enables a click reaction between azide-terminated polymers and alkynecontaining molecules, providing a broadly applicable scaffold for chemical and bioconjugation reactions on RAFT polymers. We also highlight applications of these azide-terminated RAFT polymers in fluorophore labeling and for promoting organelle targeting capability.

Synthesis and Reactivity of Cyclic Oxonium Derivatives of nido-Carborane: A Review

“…which was obtained during the drying of the solution of parent potassium salt in diethyl ether over Na 2 SO 4 , was determined by X-ray analysis [79] (Figure 3). The obtained azides can be used for medical application due to the possibility of their conjugation with biomolecules by standard methods of bioorganic chemistry such as, for example, Cu(I)-catalyzed reaction of 1,3-dipolar [3 + 2] -cycloaddition of terminal azido group with alkynes ("click" reaction) [44,[82][83][84][85][86]. Thus, several conjugates with nucleosides were prepared by Cu(I)-catalyzed click reaction of 10-N 3 CH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 O-7,8-C 2 B 9 H 11 with modified derivatives of 2 -deoxyadenosine [80], uridine and thymidine [81], containing terminal alkyne group (Scheme 13).…”

Synthesis and Structure of Nido-Carboranyl Azide and Its “Click” Reactions

“…The substituent introduced can be a biologically active derivative that acts as a tumor targeting vector, or a simple functional group, which can be used for conjugation with high molecular weight biomolecules using standard methods of bioorganic chemistry. Recently the Cu(I)-catalyzed reaction of 1,3-dipolar [3 + 2]-cycloaddition of azides with alkynes (“click” reaction) has found more and more widespread use for the bioconjugation of molecules [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Such reactions must proceed rapidly under ambient conditions, resulting in a high yield of desired 1,2,3-triazole.…”

Vapor Sublimation and Deposition to Fabricate a Porous Methyl Propiolate-Functionalized Poly-p-xylylene Material for Copper-Free Click Chemistry

“…Promising applications have also been shown in the biomedical engineering field. From the interface chemistry point of view, orthogonal and specific reactions play important roles in ensuring the selectivity of desired reaction routes and preventing unnecessary side products that can precisely target molecules and functions and enable particular reactions efficiently, even in complex and multicomponent environments [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. For instance, Staudinger ligation forms amide bonds by the specific conjugation of an azide and a triarylphosphine to produce stable cell-surface adducts [ 9 ].…”