Axenic Cultivation of Trypanosomatids Found in Corn (Zea mays) and in Phytophagous Hemipterans (Leptoglossus zonatus Coreidae) and Their Experimental Transmission

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Trypanosomatids isolated from corn seeds and from digestive tract and salivary glands of Leptoglossus zonatus (Hemiptera, Coreidae) were obtained in pure cultures. In experimental transmission, the flagellates present in naturally infected insects were able to infect laboratory‐raised corn. A simplified liquid culture medium was established that increased parasite yield three‐ to five‐fold. Cultured and cloned parasites, and forms found in insects and corn as well, were studied by light and electron microscopy. A remarkable finding was the observation that the cultured strain 163M bears a surface coat similar to that observed in naturally occurring African trypanosomes. but not observed in trypanosomes in vitro. Based on the biochemical characteristics of the arknine‐ornithine cycle and on the presence of this cell coat, we propose that the strain 163M is a new species and name it Herpetomonas macgheei n. sp.

Evaluation of antigens from various Leishmania species in a Western blot for diagnosis of American tegumentary leishmaniasis.

“…This parasite was maintained by successive passages into glucose yeast peptone meat infusion (GYPMI) medium. 26 Preparation of Leishmania and trypanosomatid isolated from tomato (strain 268T) antigens. The leishmanial and strain 268T antigens were derived from culture promastigotes forms.…”

Classification of trypanosomatids from fruits and seeds using morphological, biochemical and molecular markers revealed several genera among fruit isolates

“…Besides infecting several fruit saps, trypanosomatids have also been detected in seeds of maize [17], beans and soybeans [18] and annato [19]. With the use of molecular approaches it has been possible to show that there is a wide range of genera of trypanosomatids infecting plants, mainly fruits.…”

Diversidade, relações filogenéticas e taxonomia de Phytomonas spp.

“…(Gibbs, 1957;Podlipaev, 1986;Jankevicius et al, 1989Jankevicius et al, , 1993Camargo et al, 1990;Teixeira et al, 1997); lactícolas, que são flagelados encontrados no látex de diversas plantas, com destaque para as Euphorbiaceae (Dollet, 1984;Camargo et al, 1990;Kitajima et al, 1986); c) floemícolas, que parasitam o floema de plantas como cafeeiros, coqueiros e palmáceas, e que promovem patogênese (Dollet, 1984;Vickerman, 1994;Camargo, 1999); d) florícolas, que são encontrados no néctar de flores e inflorescências (Camargo, 1999).…”

“…Até o momento, apenas dois flagelados frutícolas receberam denominações específicas, Phytomonas serpens (Gibbs, 1957;Podlipaev, 1986;Jankevicius et al, 1989) isolada de tomates e Phytomonas macgheei (Jankevicius et al, 1993;Teixeira et al, 1997) isolada de milho.…”

“…No gênero Phytomonas, o reconhecimento de que flagelados de diferentes hospedeiros devem ser considerados como espécies distintas tem se mostrado inadequado (Wallace et al, 1983), dado que flagelados distintos podem ser isolados a partir das mesmas espécies hospedeiras (Marín et al, 2007;Jankevicius et al, 1993;Catarino et al, 2001). Por outro lado, uma mesma espécie de flagelado pode colonizar hospedeiros distintos (Campaner et al, 1996).…”