AvrA Exerts Inhibition of NF-κB Pathway in Its Naïve Salmonella Serotype through Suppression of p-JNK and Beclin-1 Molecules

Yin, Chao; Liu, Zijian; Xian, Honghong; Jiao, Yang; Yu, Yuan; Li, Yang; Li, Qiuchun; Jiao, Xinan

doi:10.3390/ijms21176063

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(40 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Several Salmonella T3SS effector genes (sseL, gtgA, gogA, gogB, and avrA) can specifically target and suppress the NF-κB pathway during infection. This plays an important role in inhibiting inflammation, regulating apoptosis, and promoting cell proliferation and chronic infection (8)(9)(10). A new effector gene of the Salmonella T3SS, steE is encoded within the Gifsy-1 prophage, which helps Salmonella survive and replicate in HD-11 cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SteE Enhances the Virulence of Salmonella Pullorum in Chickens by Regulating the Inflammation Response

Liu

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Salmonella enterica serovar Pullorum (S. Pullorum) is a host-specific pathogen, which causes acute gastroenteritis with high mortality in poultry. However, the association between steE, encoded by type III secretion system 2, and Salmonella virulence is not well-understood. To elucidate the functions of steE in S. Pullorum, ΔsteE strain was constructed using the λ-Red recombination technology. Compared to that in the wild-type, the deletion of steE in S. Pullorum reduced bacterial invasion, proliferation, and late apoptosis in the infected HD-11 cells. In addition, we analyzed the mRNA expression levels of effector genes and cytokines by qRT-PCR. SteE was associated with the regulation of various effector genes and inflammatory cytokines in HD-11 cells during S. Pullorum infection. The wild-type effector steE promoted the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) and reduced that of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12) compared to that in the ΔsteE-infected HD-11 cells and chicken spleens. Results from the chicken infection model showed that the deletion of steE resulted in significantly decreased colonization and long-term survival of the bacteria and alleviated pathological lesions compared to those in the wild-type. Further, steE increased the virulence of S. Pullorum in chickens by regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Our findings provide insights into the persistent infection and autoimmunity associated with steE in S. Pullorum.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SteE Enhances the Virulence of Salmonella Pullorum in Chickens by Regulating the Inflammation Response

Liu

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Besides, it can also reduce the tumor necrosis factor, an important factor in the acute inflammatory process, including neutrophil activation. In addition, the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect from Meniran extract is demonstrated through the ability to decrease nitric oxide synthesis induced with endotoxin and cyclooxygenase along with preventing NF-kB production [ 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The activity of Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) extract on Salmonella pullorum infected broilers

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and Aim: Pullorum is an acute and chronic disease caused by Salmonella pullorum, often infecting chicken farms. Pullorum disease treatment using antibiotics that do not follow the control dose can cause bacteria to become antibiotic-resistant. Meniran contributes to inhibiting and antagonizing bacteria and can increase the efficiency of chicken feed because of its bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. This study aimed to determine the activity of Meniran extract (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) in broilers infected with S. pullorum. Materials and Methods: In vitro study that was conducted includes phytochemical test, diffusion, and dilution methods using Meniran extract at 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% concentrations and tylosin at 2% concentration. The data of the dilution method (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] and minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC]) were processed using probit analysis to determine LC50. In vivo study was conducted by randomly dividing 20 broilers into five treatment groups, four per group. The chickens (except in group P0–) were infected with S. pullorum aged 14 days. Then, the treatment was conducted according to the divided groups when the chickens were aged 21-34 days. The said treatments are P0– (uninfected S. pullorum and unadministered with Meniran extract), P0+ (infected with S. pullorum and unadministered with Meniran extract), and P1, P2, and P3 (infected with S. pullorum and administered with Meniran extract with 5%, 10%, and 20% concentrations, respectively). Data from the phytochemical test were analyzed as descriptive. The data from the diffusion method were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's test. Then, the results of broilers' performance were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan's test. Results: The phytochemical test showed positive for alkaloid, tannin, saponin, flavonoid, and steroid/triterpenoid. The diffusion method formed the largest zone at 40% concentration with 15.6 mm, while 20%, 10%, and 5% had average of 13.15 mm, 8.38 mm, and 5.8 mm, respectively. The dilution method (MIC and MBC) exhibited the antibacterial ability of Meniran extract against S. pullorum at 20% dose and LC50 14.118% concentration. The Meniran extract administration in broilers exhibited improved performance of chickens infected with S. pullorum, with the administration of 20% dose of Meniran extract showing the best result. Conclusion: About 20% concentration Meniran extract can serve as an antibacterial agent and showed the best results in broilers infected with S. pullorum.

show abstract

“…PipA, GogA, and GtgA were all able to cleave the transcription factors RelA (p65) and RelB of NF-kB, which in turn effectively limited the inflammatory response induced by S. Typhimurium (73). AvrA is also an important antiinflammatory protein that inhibits the NF-kB pathway by suppressing P-JNK and Beclin-1 molecules (74,75). SspH1 is mainly localized in the nucleus and down-regulates the production of pro-inflammatory factors by decreasing NF-kB-dependent gene expression (76).…”

Section: Inflammation: a Double-edged Sword For Salmonella Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulation of host immune defenses by effector proteins delivered from multiple secretion systems of Salmonella and its application in vaccine research

Zhou

Zhao

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Salmonella is an important zoonotic bacterial species and hazardous for the health of human beings and livestock globally. Depending on the host, Salmonella can cause diseases ranging from gastroenteritis to life-threatening systemic infection. In this review, we discuss the effector proteins used by Salmonella to evade or manipulate four different levels of host immune defenses: commensal flora, intestinal epithelial-mucosal barrier, innate and adaptive immunity. At present, Salmonella has evolved a variety of strategies against host defense mechanisms, among which various effector proteins delivered by the secretory systems play a key role. During its passage through the digestive system, Salmonella has to face the intact intestinal epithelial barrier as well as competition with commensal flora. After invasion of host cells, Salmonella manipulates inflammatory pathways, ubiquitination and autophagy processes with the help of effector proteins. Finally, Salmonella evades the adaptive immune system by interfering the migration of dendritic cells and interacting with T and B lymphocytes. In conclusion, Salmonella can manipulate multiple aspects of host defense to promote its replication in the host.

show abstract

AvrA Exerts Inhibition of NF-κB Pathway in Its Naïve Salmonella Serotype through Suppression of p-JNK and Beclin-1 Molecules

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

SteE Enhances the Virulence of Salmonella Pullorum in Chickens by Regulating the Inflammation Response

SteE Enhances the Virulence of Salmonella Pullorum in Chickens by Regulating the Inflammation Response

The activity of Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) extract on Salmonella pullorum infected broilers

Manipulation of host immune defenses by effector proteins delivered from multiple secretion systems of Salmonella and its application in vaccine research

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About