Avoiding the approach trap: A response bias theory of the emotional Stroop effect.

Chajut, Eran; Mama, Yaniv; Levy, Leora; Algom, Daniel

doi:10.1037/a0020710

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…A promising new approach was introduced by Chajut et al (2010) who introduced a reaction time (RT) task involving the full-body motion of walking forward and backward on a “dance mat,” as a response to valenced stimulus words presented on a computer screen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our main goal was to link anger to motivational direction, using simple forward and backward walking movement RT time task, during induced anger. In our study, we asked participants to stand on a “dance mat” placed in front of the computer monitor and asked them to simply step forward in response to the stimulus word “toward” and step backward in response to the stimulus word “away” while we measured RT (similar to the procedures used in Chajut et al, 2010). The participants were asked to react as quickly as possible and were led to believe that they were competing against an opponent (similar to procedures used in Anderson and Bushman, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anger and the Speed of Full-Body Approach and Avoidance Reactions

Mayan¹,

Meiran²

2011

Front. Psychology

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The notion that anger is linked to approach motivation received support from behavioral studies, which measured various motor responses to angering stimuli. However, none of these studies examined full-body motions which characterize many if not most everyday instances of anger. The authors incorporate a novel behavioral motor task that tests motivational direction by measuring the reaction times (RTs) of stepping forward and backward in response to the words “toward” and “away.” The results show that, relative to anxiety and control conditions, anger induction resulted in a steeper approach–avoidance RT gradient which was shifted in favor of approach.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anger and the Speed of Full-Body Approach and Avoidance Reactions

Mayan¹,

Meiran²

2011

Front. Psychology

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“…The task can show interference due to emotional content. A typical result is that negative emotional information causes a slowdown in reaction time relative to the neutral one (Chajut et al 2010). The method instructs subjects to ignore the threatening, negative and neutral meaning of the words presented, asking just to name or identify them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional activation measured using the emotional Stroop task in early Hungarian-Serbian bilinguals from Serbia

Grabovac¹,

Pléh²

2014

Acta Linguistica Hungarica

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The primary goal of this research was to examine the processing of emotionally valenced and neutral words in the context of bilingualism. The objective was to find out, using an experimental measure of automatic emotional activation, if there were differences in response time in the first and the second language, Hungarian and Serbian respectively. The sample consisted of early Hungarian-Serbian bilinguals, assimilated into the Serbian majority culture.The emotional Stroop task is an experimental paradigm, which has been adapted to measure bilingual population in the past few years. The emotional Stroop interference could be counted from response time latencies, which is usually an effect showing longer responses to negative vs. neutral information.Hungarian and Serbian negatively, positively and neutrally valenced words were used in the research. Our hypothesis was that there would be a similar emotional activation in the first and the second language and that negative words would be processed the longest.The result of the research was a significant main effect of word type, where the negative information captured the attention for a longer period of time than the neutral one. A similar pattern of word processing showed in both languages, there were no significant differences between Hungarian and Serbian reaction times and the interaction between word type and language was not significant. The results suggested that early Hungarian-Serbian bilinguals were equally effective and fast in monitoring emotional information in both of their languages, giving emphasis through more elaborative processing to the threatening stimuli.

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“…The ESE has been claimed a misnomer, since the effect potentially measures distinct dimensions compared to the SE [2,11]. The traditional Stroop task incorporates four colour-name words that are used in both congruent and incongruent conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Controlled Approach to the Emotional Dilution of the Stroop Effect

2013

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We re-examined a modified emotional Stroop task that included an additional colour-word alongside the emotional word, providing the response conflict of the traditional Stroop task. Negative emotionally salient (i.e. unpleasant’) words are claimed to capture attention, producing a smaller Stroop effect for negative words compared to neutral words; this phenomenon is called the emotional dilution of the Stroop effect. To address previous limitations, this study compared negative words with lexically matched neutral words in a powered sample of 45 participants. Results demonstrated an emotional Stroop effect (slower colour-naming responses for negative words) and a traditional Stroop effect but not an emotional dilution of the Stroop effect. This finding is at odds with claims that other processing resources are diminished through the failure to disengage attention from emotional information. No matter how attention towards emotional information builds up over time, our findings indicate that attentional resources are not fully captured by negative words.

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Avoiding the approach trap: A response bias theory of the emotional Stroop effect.

Cited by 26 publications

References 45 publications

Anger and the Speed of Full-Body Approach and Avoidance Reactions

Anger and the Speed of Full-Body Approach and Avoidance Reactions

Emotional activation measured using the emotional Stroop task in early Hungarian-Serbian bilinguals from Serbia

A Controlled Approach to the Emotional Dilution of the Stroop Effect

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