Avoiding heterosexist bias in psychological research.

Herek, Gregory M.; Kimmel, Douglas C.; Amaro, Hortensia; Melton, Gary B.

doi:10.1037/0003-066x.46.9.957

Cited by 143 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Research on lesbian families is of interest in its own right, and it is important to include studies on lesbian women in mainstream research (Herek, Kimmel, Amaro, & Melton, 1991;More & Rochlen, 1999). However, research in the field of planned lesbian families may also lead to a better understanding of family processes and of the development of children in 'normal' families as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parenting in Planned Lesbian Families

Bos¹

2004

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parenting in Planned Lesbian Families

Bos¹

2004

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“…No início do século XX, apesar das atitudes vitorianas prevalecentes na época, a psicanálise introduziu a visão psicológica da homossexualidade, visão esta que é menos moralista (Freud, 1935(Freud, /1951, embora considere a homossexualidade como um distúrbio no desenvolvimento da sexualidade (Freud, 1905(Freud, /1972 e, portanto, anormal. Mas deve-se ter em conta que estas novas concepções não substituem as antigas, mas, em algumas circunstâncias, reforçam as concepções tradicionais mais moralistas (Bullough, 1974 (Herek, Kimmel, Amaro & Melton, 1991;Morin, 1977Morin, , 1978, o que tem levado a APA a elaborar normas para evitar esse viés nas publicações científicas (American Psychological Association, 1991).…”

Section: Estudos Sobre O Preconceito Contra Homossexuaisunclassified

Um estudo sobre as formas de preconceito contra homossexuais na perspectiva das representações sociais

Lacerda¹,

Pereira²,

Camino³

2002

Psicol. Reflex. Crit.

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ResumoEste artigo analisa, na perspectiva das representações sociais, as formas como estudantes universitários expressam o preconceito contra homossexuais e a relação desse preconceito com as explicações da homossexualidade. Para tanto, aplicaram-se questionários a 220 alunos de uma universidade pública da cidade de João Pessoa. Os resultados permitiram classificar os estudantes em uma tipologia composta por três grupos de indivíduos: preconceituosos flagrantes, preconceituosos sutis e não preconceituosos. A análise da ancoragem social do tipo de preconceito apresentado pelos estudantes mostrou que os preconceituosos flagrantes se opuseram às explicações psicossociais (próprias das mulheres e dos estudantes de psicologia) e aderiram mais fortemente às explicações ético-morais e religiosas (próprias dos estudantes de engenharia). Os não preconceituosos estudam psicologia e aderem às explicações psicossociológicas. Já os preconceituosos sutis explicaram a homossexualidade a partir de causas biológicas e psicológicas, próprias dos estudantes de medicina e das mulheres. Palavras-chave: Representações sociais; preconceito; homossexualidade. A Study of Prejudice Forms against Homosexuals Anchored on Social RepresentationsAbstract This paper analyses, in terms of social representations, the way university students express their prejudice against homosexuals and how this prejudice relates to explanations concerning homosexuality. Questionnaires were used with 220 students of a public university in João Pessoa city. The results led to a classification of the students into three different groups: flagrantly-prejudiced, subtly-prejudiced and non-prejudiced. The analysis of the social anchorage of the students type of prejudice revealed that the flagrantly-prejudiced group opposed the psycho-social explanations (typical of women and psychology students), more strongly adhering to ethical-moral and religious explanations (characteristic of engineer students). The non-prejudiced were students of Psychology and adhered to psycho-sociological explanations, whereas the subtly-prejudiced explained homosexuality in terms of biological and psychological causes (explanations typical of medical students and women). Keywords: Social representations; prejudice; homosexuality. Nas últimas décadas, os países ocidentais desenvolveram normas que coíbem a discriminação explícita contra grupos minoritários (McConahay, Hardee & Batts, 1981;Wittenbrink, Judd & Park, 1997). Por exemplo, na maioria dos países o racismo é formalmente proibido e qualquer manifestação racista é desencorajada (Santos, 1999). Mesmo assim, observa-se um aumento na discriminação expresso na violência racial (Mummendey & Wenzel, 1999;Oliveira, Lima & Santos, 1999) e nos indicadores sócio-econômicos das minorias raciais (Browser,1995). Esta situação contraditória mostra o preconceito assumindo formas de expressão que não contrariam abertamente as normas antiracistas atuais (Gaertner & Dovidio, 1986;Katz & Hass, 1988;Kinder & Sears, 1981;McConahay, 1983;Pettigrew & Meerte...

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“…Readings introduced students early on to the view that the experiences of sexual and gender minorities provided a basis for theory (e.g., Brown, 1989;Hale, n.d.), while psychological science about sexual and gender minorities was often heterosexist (Herek, Kimmel, Amaro, & Melton, 1991) and often shaped by politics and history (Kitzinger, 1997;Minton, 1997). Nature-nurture debates about sexual orientation were represented on the reading list primarily through a discursive psychology paper on biology in the first year the class was taught (Hegarty, 1997), and a paper integrating biological and constructionist approaches to the development of sexual orientation in the second year that the class was taught (Hammack, 2005).…”

Section: The Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

A stone in the soup? Changes in sexual prejudice and essentialist beliefs among British students in a class on LGBT psychology

Hegarty

2010

Psychology & Sexuality

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Published as Hegarty, P. (2010). A stone in the soup? Changes in sexual prejudice and essentialist beliefs among British students in a class on LGBT psychology. Psychology and Sexuality, 1, 3-20. AbstractBiological theories of sexual orientation, typically presented in human sexuality classes, are considered by many social psychologists to cause reductions in students' sexual prejudice. Yet when biological theories were not presented to 36 psychology students in a ten-week seminar on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) psychology, both sexual prejudice and two forms of essentialist thinking reduced significantly. Prejudice reduction was causally related to decreased essentialist belief in clear boundaries between sexual orientation categories but not to decreased belief in the immutability of sexual orientation categories. Students' characterized belief in the fluidity of sexual orientation categories as enlightened and empowering in their own words. This cross-lagged study confirms earlier cross-sectional studies showing that sexual prejudice is causally related to 'natural kind' beliefs about sexual orientation. It further shows that the typical practice of teaching human sexuality courses from a biological perspective is not the cause of prejudice reduction in this educational context.

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Avoiding heterosexist bias in psychological research.

Cited by 143 publications

References 18 publications

Parenting in Planned Lesbian Families

Parenting in Planned Lesbian Families

Um estudo sobre as formas de preconceito contra homossexuais na perspectiva das representações sociais

A stone in the soup? Changes in sexual prejudice and essentialist beliefs among British students in a class on LGBT psychology

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