Avoided emissions resulting from grid-tied solar photovoltaic generation in the Philippines: an energy-based analysis

Abstract

One of the motivations of deploying renewable energy is its promise to reduce emissions. The accounting of emissions, however, becomes challenging and complex in the case of grid-tied PV system as it also derives energy from the centralized grid where the energy comes from a mix of resource. The amount of avoided emissions is highly variable. The study focused on the determination of avoided emissions resulting from grid-tied solar photovoltaic (PV) generation of Ateneo de Davao University Jacinto Campus in the Philippines. The results show that the small size of PV systems impacts only the marginal generating plant which is normally a hydro, diesel or natural gas-fired generator and largely depends on which grid the consumer is located. It shows that the energy generation of the PV acts like a peak shaving mechanism that reduces the system load. The solar PV of the university was simulated and the avoided emissions (CO2, SO2, NOx, PM10, PM2.5, NH3, VOCs, and Hg) were quantified through energy-based approach.

The “My Electricity” Program as One of the Ways to Reduce CO2 Emissions in Poland

“…The general framework of LCA included in Intergovernmental Standardisation Organisation standards [56] was used to calculate CO 2eq released during the lifetime of PV systems, using the cradle-to-grave approach [57]. The aim of the LCA analysis was to compare the emissions from the PV systems to the conventional energy sources dominating the Polish energy market, in particular hard coal, lignite, natural gas, and Polish energy mix, constituting the kinds of energy replaced by photovoltaics, as presented in relevant literature studies [58,59].…”

Preliminary Approach for the Development of Sustainable University Campuses: A Case Study Based on the Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions

“…The assessment of the level of commitment and awareness of the ESA IPVC community regarding energy saving and energy efficiency was carried out through a survey. The survey population consisted of students (550), teaching and research staff (40), and administrative, technical, and support staff (18). Visitors were not included in the survey.…”

“…For example, Lee et al [34] showed deliverables on the economic feasibility of campus-wide PV systems in New England (USA), demonstrating that the economic parameters validated the investment worthiness. Alternatively, Akwa et al [35], Khan et al [36], Herrando et al [37], Alghamdi et al [38], Grisales-Noreña et al [39], Enano et al [40], and Tarigan [41] focused more specifically on aspects related to production and consumption, as well as the reduction of the carbon footprint by replacing fossil energy sources by renewable energy sources.…”