Avocado (Persea americana) Seed as a Source of Bioactive Phytochemicals

Dabas, Deepti; Shegog, Rachel M.; Ziegler, Gregory R.; Lambert, Joshua D.

doi:10.2174/1381612811319340007

Cited by 165 publications

(121 citation statements)

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“…Phenol has the highest percentage in aqueous extracts compared to ethanol and n-hexane extracts. High percentage of phenol is in agreement with the findings of Dabas et al [18] who reported that avocado are rich in phenol which plays a major role in body system of an individual. The presence of phenol in avocado fruit helps to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by reducing oxidative and inflammatory stress [19].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of Some Selected Solvent Extracts of Avocado Pear (Persea americana) on Cholesterol/HDL Ratio in Albino Rats

Ht¹,

Oruambo²,

Ho³

et al. 2017

Biochem Anal Biochem

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The effects of some selected solvents extracts of Avocado Pear (Persea americana) on Cholesterol/HDL ratio of albino rats was investigated. The avocado fruit was dried at room temperature and was extracted with ethanol and N-hexane using soxhlet extractor. The phytochemical screening of ethanol, aqueous and N-hexane extracts reveals the presence of Alkaloid, Tannin, Phytate, Phenol, Oxalate, Steroid, Saponin and Glycoside. The quantitative analysis shows that Alkaloid; Aqueous Extract 0.96%, Ethanol 1.37%, N-hexane 1.81%, Phytate; Aqueous Extract 0.68%, Ethanol 1.47%, N-hexane 0.88%, Saponin; Aqueous Extract 1.28%, Ethanol 0.76%, N-hexane 1.06%, Phenol; Aqueous Extract 2.75%, Ethanol 2.43%, N-hexane 1.14%, Oxalate; Aqueous Extract 3.36%, Ethanol 2.81%, N-hexane 2.53%, Tannin; Aqueous Extract 0.69%, Ethanol 1.36%, N-hexane 0.72%, Steroid; Aqueous Extract 1.66%, Ethanol 2.04%, N-hexane 2.58%, Glycoside; Aqueous Extract 0.14%, Ethanol 0.52%, N-hexane 0.39%. Eighteen male albino rats were divided into three groups of which six rats per group; the first group were given ethanol extracts while the control receive ethanol, the second group were given N-hexane extracts while the control receive N-hexane and the third group were given aqueous extract while the untreated were feed ad libitum which serve as the control. A lipid profile test was carried out in the serum of albino rats in which the values of HDL, TRIG, LDL, CHOL and VLDL was recorded. The TC/HDL ratio was calculated by dividing Cholesterol with HDL and was plotted on a bar chart. Aqueous extract of avocado has the highest concentration in oxalate and phenol compared to ethanol and N-hexane extracts. The Total Cholesterol/HDL Ratio of untreated albino rats feed ad libitum has a ratio of 5.468 which is a high risk heart disease. Albino rats fed with aqueous extract has a ratio of 4.615 while ethanol extracts has a ratio of 4.623, they both fell in a low risk heart disease. N-hexane extract has a ratio of 3.553 which falls below average for heart disease. In conclusion, the result obtained from phytochemical concentration shows that oxalate and phenol has the highest percentage in all the solvent extracts of avocado. The cardiovascular disease marker on TC/HDL Ratio of male albino rats fed with aqueous and ethanol extracts fell within the low risk acceptable range while N-hexane extracts fell in very low average risk for CVD. The result shows that Avocado (Persea americana) reduces TC/HDL Ratio as well as boosting the "good cholesterol" (HDL) which is good for cardiovascular health.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of Some Selected Solvent Extracts of Avocado Pear (Persea americana) on Cholesterol/HDL Ratio in Albino Rats

Ht¹,

Oruambo²,

Ho³

et al. 2017

Biochem Anal Biochem

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“…In addition, the protective effects of dietary consuming avocado oil on biochemical markers of liver function in rats fed with sucrose were quite similar to olive oil [86]. Furthermore, a study has shown that avocado seeds improved hypercholesterolemia, and facilitated the prevention and treatment of hypertension, inflammatory conditions, and diabetes [87]. …”

Section: Experimental Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruits for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases

et al. 2017

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are leading global health problems. Accumulating epidemiological studies have indicated that consuming fruits was inversely related to the risk of CVDs. Moreover, substantial experimental studies have supported the protective role of fruits against CVDs, and several fruits (grape, blueberry, pomegranate, apple, hawthorn, and avocado) have been widely studied and have shown potent cardiovascular protective action. Fruits can prevent CVDs or facilitate the restoration of morphology and functions of heart and vessels after injury. The involved mechanisms included protecting vascular endothelial function, regulating lipids metabolism, modulating blood pressure, inhibiting platelets function, alleviating ischemia/reperfusion injury, suppressing thrombosis, reducing oxidative stress, and attenuating inflammation. The present review summarizes recent discoveries about the effects of fruits on CVDs and discusses potential mechanisms of actions based on evidence from epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies.

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“…[1] The avocado fruit, also known as the alligator pear or butter pear, is characterized by the presence of only one seed, which is encased in a hard shell and corresponds to 16% of the fruit weight. [2] Some studies have shown that avocado seeds can be used as raw material for oil and pigment production; [3] however, they are usually discarded in the environment as by-products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the chemical and structural properties of native and acetylated starches from avocado (Persea americana Mill.) seeds

Silva

Magnani

Albuquerque

et al. 2017

International Journal of Food Properties

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Avocado seeds are discarded as by-products during pulp consumption or processing despite their high starch content. This study aimed to characterize the chemical, morphological, and functional properties of the native and acetylated starches extracted from avocado seeds. The granules of native avocado seed starch exhibited an oval shape and A-type crystallinity pattern, while the acetylated form obtained with 0.07 degree of substitution (DS) yielded granules with a rounded bell shape and C-type pattern. The solubility and swelling power (SP) of the native and acetylated forms of avocado seed starch increased with increasing temperature; however, at 55°C and 65°C the acetylated form exhibited a higher solubility index (SI). The acetylated avocado seed starch showed reduced breakdown and synergy during freezing, as well as greater oil absorption, compared to the native form. These results showed that acetylation improved the functional properties of avocado seed starch, thereby increasing its potential for use in food products. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Avocado (Persea americana) Seed as a Source of Bioactive Phytochemicals

Cited by 165 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Some Selected Solvent Extracts of Avocado Pear (Persea americana) on Cholesterol/HDL Ratio in Albino Rats

Effects of Some Selected Solvent Extracts of Avocado Pear (Persea americana) on Cholesterol/HDL Ratio in Albino Rats

Fruits for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases

Characterization of the chemical and structural properties of native and acetylated starches from avocado (Persea americana Mill.) seeds

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