Avocado Oil Improves Mitochondrial Function and Decreases Oxidative Stress in Brain of Diabetic Rats

Abstract

Diabetic encephalopathy is a diabetic complication related to the metabolic alterations featuring diabetes. Diabetes is characterized by increased lipid peroxidation, altered glutathione redox status, exacerbated levels of ROS, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Although the pathophysiology of diabetic encephalopathy remains to be clarified, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of chronic diabetic complications. Taking this into consideration, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of 90-day avocado oil intake in brain mitochondrial function and oxidative status in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (STZ rats). Avocado oil improves brain mitochondrial function in diabetic rats preventing impairment of mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), besides increasing complex III activity. Avocado oil also decreased ROS levels and lipid peroxidation and improved the GSH/GSSG ratio as well. These results demonstrate that avocado oil supplementation prevents brain mitochondrial dysfunction induced by diabetes in association with decreased oxidative stress.

Avocado oil characteristics of Mexican creole genotypes

“…However, ACL values for avocado oils were one order of magnitude lower than those reported for Canadian grown narrow‐leafed lupin cultivars , ethanol extracts of evening primrose and its fractions , and two orders of magnitude lower than those of Hungarian sour cherry varieties . In spite of the low antioxidant activity of avocado oil, its components have been associated with reduced ROS levels and lipid peroxidation thereby protecting brain mitochondrial dysfunction and dyslipidemia in diabetic rats . The low antioxidant activity of avocado oil probably reflects its high sensitivity to oxidation due to the presence of chlorophyll .…”

“…Phytochemicals in chloroform extract of California Hass avocado fruit induced apoptosis in premalignant and malignant human oral epithelial cell lines via the FADD pathway [8]. Some of these phytochemicals (carotenoids, tocopherols, phytosterols, and other antioxidant compounds) present in avocado oil also improved brain mitochondrial function in diabetic rats in association with decreased oxidative stress [9]. However, the amount of these phytochemicals vary in cold-pressed avocado oil depending on cultivars [10] and may therefore affect/influence their physico-chemical characteristics as reported for oil from three Indonesian avocado cultivars [11].…”

Effects of Avocado (Persea americana)on Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Systematic Review

“…Streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats were orally treated with avocado oil (1 mL/250 g/day, for 3 months). Avocado oil diminished reactive oxygen species levels, lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, the activity of complex III of the electron transport chain, and TG levels in the brain while improved the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio and brain mitochondrial function (Ortiz‐Avila et al , ). Furthermore, the hypoglycemic activity of n‐hexane fraction from hydro‐methanolic (2:3) extract of P. americana fruit (300 mg/kg, orally for 8 weeks) was evaluated in SID rats.…”

Palta: compuestos bioactivos y sus potenciales beneficios en salud

“…Esta acción podría ser explicada por el aumento del pool total de glutatión (GSH), cuyo efecto antioxidante protegería a las mitocondrias del daño oxidativo, lo que contribuye a la estabilidad en los niveles de glicemia a largo plazo, con lo cual el aceite de palta ejercería un efecto hipoglicemiante y antioxidante 25 . Sumado a esto, se ha observado que el aceite de palta podría mejorar la función mitocondrial en ratas diabéticas, en paralelo con el aumento de la actividad del complejo III mitocondrial, aumentando la relación glutatión reducido/glutatión oxidado (GSH/GSSG), estabilizando así el estado redox de éstas ratas 26 . En ratones albinos de la cepa BALB/c se evaluó el efecto genotóxico de un extracto de semilla de palta, demostrándose ausencia de actividad genotóxica in vivo, lo cual sugiere que no sería nocivo utilizar estos extractos en alimentos, en la industria cosmética y/o farmacéutica 27 .…”