“…Sepetiba Bay has brackish water according to resolution n. 357/2005 of CONAMA (Brazil’s Environmental National Council) and taking into account dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity and pH (Table 1 ). Recent studies have already shown the content of PTEs in sediments of Sepetiba Bay 12 (Table 1 ). Figure 1 ( A ) Rio de Janeiro City.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 87%
“… *Data analyzed by ICP-OES refer to samples (n = 5) of up to 20 cm depth of sediment from Sepetiba Bay mangrove according to Flores et al 12 . ** Silva 13 .…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Concentrations of potentially toxic elements in sediments and physicochemical properties of water in mangroves of Sepetiba Bay. *Data analyzed by ICP-OES refer to samples (n = 5) of up to 20 cm depth of sediment from Sepetiba Bay mangrove according to Flores et al 12 . ** Silva 13 .…”
Brazilian mangroves have been severely impacted by metallurgical, petrochemical, pyrometallurgical smelters and other industrial activities. In Rio de Janeiro, mangroves are part of the Atlantic Rainforest now under the stress of high levels of industrial waste. Therefore, this work aimed to detect potentially toxic elements (PTEs) by evaluating the leaves of Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f. collected from three mangroves with different levels of pollution. To gain further insight toward an accurate diagnosis of the effects of anthropogenic pollution on mangrove stands, we evaluated leaf epicuticular wax composition, as well as morphological and anatomical traits. Samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), gas chromatography (GC) and microscopy. Results revealed variation in the contents of PTEs among the three mangroves from lowest to highest concentration, as follows: Al (0.30–0.73), Pb (0.095–0.325) and Zn (0.25–0.30) mg/kg. Zn was detected in sclerenchyma tissues. Leaf epicuticular wax contained more than 50% of triterpenes, in particular, the pentacyclic triterpenes lupeol (41.61–55.63%) and β-amyrin (8.81–16.35%). Such high concentrations promote the increase in leaf permeability to salts and PTEs. Micromorphology of leaf epicuticular wax in L. racemosa also varied among the three evaluated sites, especially around stomatal openings, but no harmful changes were noted. L. racemosa plays a key role in the rich diversity of mangrove ecosystems. As such, this species could, by the presence of PTEs in its leaves, be a suitable biomonitor of toxic substances in coastal environments of the world and used accordingly in strategies designed for eco-sustainable technologies.
“…Sepetiba Bay has brackish water according to resolution n. 357/2005 of CONAMA (Brazil’s Environmental National Council) and taking into account dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity and pH (Table 1 ). Recent studies have already shown the content of PTEs in sediments of Sepetiba Bay 12 (Table 1 ). Figure 1 ( A ) Rio de Janeiro City.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 87%
“… *Data analyzed by ICP-OES refer to samples (n = 5) of up to 20 cm depth of sediment from Sepetiba Bay mangrove according to Flores et al 12 . ** Silva 13 .…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Concentrations of potentially toxic elements in sediments and physicochemical properties of water in mangroves of Sepetiba Bay. *Data analyzed by ICP-OES refer to samples (n = 5) of up to 20 cm depth of sediment from Sepetiba Bay mangrove according to Flores et al 12 . ** Silva 13 .…”
Brazilian mangroves have been severely impacted by metallurgical, petrochemical, pyrometallurgical smelters and other industrial activities. In Rio de Janeiro, mangroves are part of the Atlantic Rainforest now under the stress of high levels of industrial waste. Therefore, this work aimed to detect potentially toxic elements (PTEs) by evaluating the leaves of Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f. collected from three mangroves with different levels of pollution. To gain further insight toward an accurate diagnosis of the effects of anthropogenic pollution on mangrove stands, we evaluated leaf epicuticular wax composition, as well as morphological and anatomical traits. Samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), gas chromatography (GC) and microscopy. Results revealed variation in the contents of PTEs among the three mangroves from lowest to highest concentration, as follows: Al (0.30–0.73), Pb (0.095–0.325) and Zn (0.25–0.30) mg/kg. Zn was detected in sclerenchyma tissues. Leaf epicuticular wax contained more than 50% of triterpenes, in particular, the pentacyclic triterpenes lupeol (41.61–55.63%) and β-amyrin (8.81–16.35%). Such high concentrations promote the increase in leaf permeability to salts and PTEs. Micromorphology of leaf epicuticular wax in L. racemosa also varied among the three evaluated sites, especially around stomatal openings, but no harmful changes were noted. L. racemosa plays a key role in the rich diversity of mangrove ecosystems. As such, this species could, by the presence of PTEs in its leaves, be a suitable biomonitor of toxic substances in coastal environments of the world and used accordingly in strategies designed for eco-sustainable technologies.
“…The area is advantageous for industry because it is close to Itaguaí Harbor and the Arco Rodoviário Metropolitano (SEMA 1998; Wasserman et al 2013;Silva and Victório 2021). Consequently, the West Zone is subjected to high pollution of substrate, water and air that can be detected in plant organs (Flores et al 2018;Victório et al 2020;Flores et al 2021). The back lling of mangroves to accommodate illegal housing construction has also led to the suppression of ora and fauna of mangroves around Sepetiba Bay, revealing socioenvironmental vulnerability.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Reports have shown that leaf organ from mangrove areas can adsorb, bioaccumulate or degrade metals and other pollutants using speci c mechanisms (Moreira et al 2011;Flores et al 2018;Victório et al 2020;Victório et al 2021;Flores et al 2021). This work aimed to determine the presence of environmental contaminants in the leaf of R. mangle through microchemical analyses and evaluate morphoanatomical features using microscopy.…”
Rhizophora mangle L. (Rhizophoraceae) is a halophyte from two mangroves in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. This work aimed to determine the presence of environmental contaminants in the leaf of R. mangle through morphological and chemical analyses. We collected samples in Coroa Grande mangrove (CG), near an industrial park, and Pedra de Guaratiba mangrove (PG), which is currently under threat of anthropization by domestic occupation. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) coupled to Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed the presence of chemicals and their relative quantities in leaves. Light microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to examine leaf tissue. Na, Ca and Cl were found in both CG and PG. Speci c leaf area was signi cantly lower in PG. Leaves from CG also presented the three heavy metals Mn, Zn and Cu. R. mangle presents succulent, hypostomatic leaves with dorsiventral structure. Abundant mucilage and crystals in idioblasts were observed. Slight differences in anatomical qualitative traits between leaves from both sites were detected. Leaves from CG were slightly thicker than those examined from PG, especially on main vein vascular system, and a high quantity of stomata was observed in abaxial surface of leaves from PG. Collectively, these ndings indicate that R. mangle is resilient and tolerant to the environmental pollutants and presents functional traits related with saline environments; therefore, the morphoanatomical variations are probably related to abiotic factors.
Highlights-The main minerals detected by EDS were Na, Ca and Cl.-Zn and Cu were the only heavy metals detected in R. mangle leaves in samples from CG.-A large number of stomata in leaves were observed in plants from PG.-Differences in spongy parenchyma and stomata were noted between leaves of PG and CG.-No anatomical changes related to pollution were noted.
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