Avians as a Model System of Vascular Development

Asai, Rieko; Bressan, Michael; Matsukawa, Takashi

doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-0916-3_9

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…The cellular mechanisms that control morphological changes during EHT in amniote embryos have not been defined, in comparison with those in fish embryo. Avian embryos serve as an appropriate model system for hematopoietic research because they readily undergo various embryo manipulations, including tissue transplantation, exogenous gene transduction and live imaging (Asai et al, 2020;Jaffredo et al, 2010;Kulesa et al, 2013). In the current study, we sought to better understand the regulatory mechanisms underlying morphological transition from HECs to hematopoietic cells in amniotes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquaporin regulates cell rounding through vacuole formation during endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition

et al. 2023

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Endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) is crucial for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) generation. During EHT, the morphology of hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) changes from flat and adherent to spherical hematopoietic cells, which detach from the dorsal aorta. HECs attain a rounded shape in a mitosis-independent manner before cell adhesion termination, suggesting an atypical cell-rounding mechanism. However, the direct mechanisms underlying this change in cell morphology during EHT remain unclear. Here, we show that large vacuoles were transiently formed in avian HECs, and that aquaporin 1 (AQP1) was localized in the vacuole and plasma membranes. Overexpression of AQP1 in non-HECs induced ectopic vacuole expansion, cell rounding and subsequent cell detachment from the endothelium into the bloodstream, mimicking EHT. Loss of redundant AQP functions by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in HECs impeded the morphological EHT. Our findings provide the first evidence to indicate that morphological segregation of hematopoietic cells from endothelial cells is regulated by water influx into vacuoles. These findings provide important insights for further exploration of the mechanisms underlying cell/tissue morphogenesis through water-adoptive cellular responses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquaporin regulates cell rounding through vacuole formation during endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition

et al. 2023

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“…Fertilized eggs of White Leghorn (Gallus Gallus domesticus) were obtained from a local farm (Petaluma Farms, CA). For ex-ovo manipulations, embryos at pre-streak stage X-XII (22) were isolated from unincubated eggs in Tyrode’s solution (137mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCL, 1mM MgCl2, 1.8mM CaCl2, 0.2 mM Ha2HPO4, 5.5mM D-glucose, pH 7.4) and subsequently cultured until HH3 at 37°C, using the New culture method as previously described for approximately 16 hours (30, 39, 40). After electroporation, the embryos with reagents (described as below) were live imaged on a vitelline membrane stretched around a glass ring according to the New culture method as previously described (30).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral cellular flows display asymmetry prior to left-right organizer formation in amniote gastrulation

Asai,

Sinha,

Prakash

et al. 2024

Preprint

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A bilateral body plan is predominant throughout the animal kingdom. Bilaterality of amniote embryos becomes recognizable as midline morphogenesis begins at gastrulation, bisecting an embryonic field into the left and right sides. Soon after, left-right asymmetry also starts. While a series of laterality genes expressed after the left-right compartmentalization has been extensively studied, the laterality patterning prior to and during midline morphogenesis has remained unclear. Here, through a biophysical quantification in a high spatial and temporal resolution, applied to a chick model system, we show that a large-scale bilateral counter-rotating cell flow, termed as the polonaise movements, display left-right asymmetries in early gastrulation. This cell movement starts prior to the formation of the primitive streak, which is the earliest midline structure, and earlier than expression of laterality genes. The cell flow speed and vorticity unravel the location and timing of the left-right asymmetries. The bilateral cell flow exhibited a Left side asymmetry at the beginning, but a transition towards Right dominance. Mitotic arrest that diminishes primitive streak formation resulted in changes in the bilateral flow pattern, but the Right dominance persisted. Our data indicate that the left-right asymmetry in amniote gastrula becomes detectable prior to the point when the asymmetric regulation of the laterality signals at the node leads to the left-right patterning. More broadly, our results suggest that physical processes can play an unexpected but significant role in influencing left-right laterality during embryonic development.

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“…Further, the Wnt/PCP pathway also plays an important role for proper PS extension and patterning (21). Since the chick embryo is readily accessible and closely represents the human gastrula (22, 23), much of what is known about the cell flow and PS development has come from studies using this model system (14). The PS is first visible as a cell cluster at the posterior embryonic disc at the initial streak stage [HH2; Hamburger and Hamilton staging (24)] formed through the influence of several axis inducing factors [e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling and uncoupling of midline morphogenesis and cell flow in amniote gastrulation

Asai

Prakash

Sinha

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Large-scale cell flow characterizes gastrulation in animal development. In amniote gastrulation, a bilateral vortex-like counter-rotating cell flow, called polonaise movements, appears along the midline. Here, through experimental manipulations, we addressed relationships between the polonaise movements and morphogenesis of the primitive streak, the earliest midline structure in amniotes. Suppression of the Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway maintains the polonaise movements along a deformed primitive streak. Mitotic arrest leads to diminished extension and development of the primitive streak and maintains the early phase of the polonaise movements. Ectopically induced Vg1, an axis-inducing morphogen, generates the polonaise movements, aligned to the induced midline, but disturbs the stereotypical cell flow pattern at the authentic midline. Despite the altered cell flow, induction and extension of the primitive streak is preserved along both authentic and induced midlines. Finally, we show that ectopic axis-inducing morphogen, Vg1, is capable of initiating the polonaise movements without concomitant PS extension under mitotic arrest conditions. These results are consistent with a model wherein primitive streak morphogenesis is required for the maintenance of the polonaise movements, but the polonaise movement is not necessarily responsible for primitive streak morphogenesis. Our data describe a previously undefined relationship between the large-scale cell flow and midline morphogenesis in gastrulation.

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Avians as a Model System of Vascular Development

Cited by 9 publications

References 99 publications

Aquaporin regulates cell rounding through vacuole formation during endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition

Aquaporin regulates cell rounding through vacuole formation during endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition

Bilateral cellular flows display asymmetry prior to left-right organizer formation in amniote gastrulation

Coupling and uncoupling of midline morphogenesis and cell flow in amniote gastrulation

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