“…TVB reportedly has the following variants with different affinities for various ASLVs: TVB S1 , TVB r2 , TVB S3 , and TVB T (Brojatsch et al, 1996;Adkins et al, 1997Adkins et al, , 2000Smith et al, 1998). Among the several subtypes, we selected TVB S3 because it does not recognize and bind to EnvE, whereas the other TVB variants bind to both EnvB and EnvE (Adkins et al, 2000;Klucking and Young, 2004;Reinisová et al, 2008;Matsuyama et al, 2015). However, TVB is a homolog of the mammalian TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand death receptor 4/5; when ASLV-B and ASLV-E infected cells via TVB, TVB induced apoptosis (Brojatsch et al, 1996(Brojatsch et al, , 2000Smith et al, 1998;Klucking et al, 2005).…”