Avian Influenza a (H5N1) Infection with Respiratory Failure and Meningoencephalitis in a Canadian Traveller

Rajabali, Naheed; Lim, Thomas P. K.; Sokolowski, Colleen; Prevost, Jason D; Lee, Edward Z

doi:10.1155/2015/961080

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Recently, a case report was published of an otherwise healthy Canadian 28-year-old woman who returned from China with a fatal pneumonia and meningoencephalitis due to highly pathogenic (for poultry) avian influenza A H5N1 infection. 94 Another case report described a 59-year-old woman who visited a poultry market in South China as a tourist and developed dyspnea and haemoptysis due to severe pneumonia associated with a combined H5N1 and mycoplasma infection. 95 Although the risk of acquiring avian influenza is relatively low, such rare but frequently fatal infections in travellers must be considered during pre-travel advice.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…85 Although an influenza outbreak can occur on any cruise worldwide, outbreaks were most frequently reported from cruises travelling to Alaska, Australia/Trans-Tasman and South America. [86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98] Increased Influenza vaccination coverage of passengers and crew would logically be expected to result in decreasing disease burden. However, mismatches between circulating and vaccine strains, in part based on differences between the vaccines for the respective hemispheres, may reduce the effectiveness of this strategy.…”

Section: Mass Gatheringsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Travellers and influenza: risks and prevention

et al. 2017

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Background: Influenza viruses are among the major causes of serious human respiratory tract infection worldwide. In line with the high disease burden attributable to influenza, these viruses play an important, but often neglected, role in travel medicine. Guidelines and recommendations regarding prevention and management of influenza in travellers are scarce. Of special interest for travel medicine are risk populations and also circumstances that facilitate influenza virus transmission and spread, like travel by airplane or cruise ship and mass gatherings. Methods: We conducted a PUBMED/MEDLINE search for a combination of the MeSH terms Influenza virus, travel, mass gathering, large scale events and cruise ship. In addition we gathered guidelines and recommendations from selected countries and regarding influenza prevention and management in travellers. By reviewing these search results in the light of published knowledge in the fields of influenza prevention and management, we present best practice advice for the prevention and management of influenza in travel medicine. Results: Seasonal influenza is among the most prevalent infectious diseases in travellers. Known host-associated risk factors include extremes of age and being immune-compromised, while the most relevant environmental factors are associated with holiday cruises and mass gatherings. Conclusions: Pre-travel advice should address influenza and its prevention for travellers, whenever appropriate on the basis of the epidemiological situation concerned. Preventative measures should be strongly recommended for travellers at high-risk for developing complications. In addition, seasonal influenza vaccination should be considered for any traveller wishing to reduce the risk of incapacitation, particularly cruise ship crew and passengers, as well as those participating in mass gatherings. Besides advice concerning preventive measures and vaccination, advice on the use of antivirals may be considered for some travellers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mass Gatheringsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Travellers and influenza: risks and prevention

et al. 2017

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“… 160 The second case was reported in December 2013 and involved a Canadian traveller who had recently returned from a 3-week stay in Beijing. 161 Avian Influenza Weekly Update number 881, published on 3 February 2023, reports that a total of nine cases of H5N1 were reported in China during 2010–14. 162 These findings highlight the critical role of travellers as sentinels in detecting the spread of influenza and emphasize the importance of continuous surveillance of travellers to prevent respiratory infection outbreaks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Travel-related respiratory symptoms and infections in travellers (2000–22): a systematic review and meta-analysis

Lovey

Hasler

Gautret

et al. 2023

Journal of Travel Medicine

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Background: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are common in travellers due to the year-round or seasonal presence of respiratory pathogen and exposure to crowded environments during the itinerary. No study has systematically examined the burden of RTI infections among travellers. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the prevalence of RTIs and symptoms suggestive of RTIs among travellers according to risk groups and/or geographic region, and to describe the spectrum of RTIs. Methods: The systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022311261). We searched Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, Science Direct, and preprint servers MedRxiv, BioRxiv, SSRN, and IEEE Xplore on February 1, 2022. Studies reporting RTIs or symptoms suggestive of RTIs in international travellers after January 1, 2000, were eligible. Data appraisal and extraction were performed by 2 authors, and proportional meta-analyses were used to obtain estimates of the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and RTIs in travellers and predefined risk groups. Findings: A total of 429 articles on travellers’ illness were included. Included studies reported 86 841 symptoms suggestive of RTIs and 807 632 confirmed RTIs. 78% of reported respiratory symptoms and 60% of RTIs with available location data were acquired at mass gatherings events. Cough was the most common symptom suggestive of respiratory infections, and the upper respiratory tract was the most common site for RTIs in travellers. The prevalence of RTIs and respiratory symptoms suggestive of RTIs were 10% [8%; 14%] and 37% [27%; 48%], respectively, among travellers. Reporting of RTIs in travellers denoted by publication output was found to correlate with global waves of new respiratory infections. Interpretation: This study demonstrates a high burden of RTIs among travellers and indicates that travellers RTIs reflect respiratory infection outbreaks. These findings have important implications for understanding and managing RTIs among travellers.

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“…1 As of October 2018, there have not been any reported cases of human H5N1 infection in the USA, but one case was reported in Canada in 2014 from a person who had recently traveled from China. 94 HPAIV H5 virus infection in humans can initially present as an uncomplicated seasonal influenza infection with clinical signs of fever, body aches, and upper respiratory tract symptoms. 1,95–97 However, the infection eventually progresses into a lower respiratory tract infection.…”

Section: Aiv: Human Transmissible Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of H5Nx avian influenza viruses

Nuñez

Ross

2019

Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy

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Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs), originating from the A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996 H5 subtype, naturally circulate in wild-bird populations, particularly waterfowl, and often spill over to infect domestic poultry. Occasionally, humans are infected with HPAVI H5N1 resulting in high mortality, but no sustained human-to-human transmission. In this review, the replication cycle, pathogenicity, evolution, spread, and transmission of HPAIVs of H5Nx subtypes, along with the host immune responses to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (HPAIV) infection and potential vaccination, are discussed. In addition, the potential mechanisms for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (HPAIV) H5 Reassorted Viruses H5N1, H5N2, H5N6, H5N8 (H5Nx) viruses to transmit, infect, and adapt to the human host are reviewed.

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Avian Influenza a (H5N1) Infection with Respiratory Failure and Meningoencephalitis in a Canadian Traveller

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Travellers and influenza: risks and prevention

Travellers and influenza: risks and prevention

Travel-related respiratory symptoms and infections in travellers (2000–22): a systematic review and meta-analysis

A review of H5Nx avian influenza viruses

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