Avian Influenza A (H5N1) in 10 Patients in Vietnam

Abstract

Influenza A (H5N1) infection, characterized by fever, respiratory symptoms, and lymphopenia, carries a high risk of death. Although in all 10 cases the infection appears to have been acquired directly from infected poultry, the potential exists for genetic reassortment with human influenzaviruses and the evolution of human-to-human transmission. Containment of influenza A (H5N1) in poultry throughout Asia is therefore urgently required.

Characterization of Avian Influenza Viruses A (H5N1) from Wild Birds, Hong Kong, 2004–2008

“…The unprecedented panzootic caused by the HPAI viruses (H5N1) has been mediated by the movement of poultry and poultry products and, in some instances (e.g., clade 2.2 viruses), by wild bird migration (4)(5)(6). After introduction, the viruses became endemic in some countries, causing repeated poultry outbreaks and spilling over to cause zoonotic infection in humans, thus posing a persistent potential pandemic threat (7)(8)(9). However, in some affected countries with substantial resources (e.g., Japan and South Korea), despite the repeated introduction of subtype H5N1 viruses that have occasionally led to associated outbreaks in poultry, early and aggressive intervention measures prevented these viruses from becoming endemic in poultry, and no human cases were detected (2,(10)(11)(12)(13).…”

Gripe aviar: lo que un intensivista debe conocer

“…La epidemia todavía está en curso. La transmisión de humano a humano de la gripe A (H5N1) se ha sugerido en varios grupos y en un caso de transmisión evidente de niño a madre 31 . Aunque el virus H5N1 está apuntando a la población humana, la infección entre humanos no ha sido demostrada consistentemente y hay muchos informes probados de que esta infección no se ve transmitida entre humanos 32,33 .…”

“…Aunque el virus H5N1 está apuntando a la población humana, la infección entre humanos no ha sido demostrada consistentemente y hay muchos informes probados de que esta infección no se ve transmitida entre humanos 32,33 . La controversia viene con algunos otros estudios que sugieren que el contacto cercano entre personas pueda conducir a la infección aviar de la gripe 31,34 .…”

“…Esta fase es constante con el cuadro de inicio agudo de la enfermedad respiratoria, por ejemplo, neumonía severa seguida por fallo multiorgánico en algunos pacientes infectados con gripe aviar HPAI H5N1 que comienzan previamente con enfermedad gripal 31,64 . Tras esta cascada de acontecimientos, los fagocitos engullen las partículas virales y actúan como presentadores del antígeno a las células-B situadas principalmente en el bazo, los nódulos linfáticos y el hígado, y éstas, alternadamente, son activadas para producir el IFN tipo I que media la inmunidad antiviral 65 .…”

Two clustered cases of confirmed influenza A(H5N1) virus infection, Cambodia, 2011

“…Clusters of confirmed human cases have been described in the past in Azerbaijan [2], mainland China [3], Egypt [4], Hong Kong [5], Indonesia [6], Pakistan [7,8] Thailand [9], Turkey [10] and Vietnam [11]. In at least one Indonesian cluster, transmission of A(H5N1) may have occurred through contact with environmentally-contaminated material [12].…”