Avian Circadian Organization

Cassone, Vincent M.; Paulose, Jiffin K.; Harpole, Clifford E.; Li, Ye; Whitfield-Rucker, Melissa G.

doi:10.1007/978-81-322-3688-7_11

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…One of the key biological systems directly influenced by photoperiods is the circadian system, which has a well-documented role in influencing health. The circadian clock system is the central regulatory system that controls almost all aspects of an organism’s behavior, physiology, and molecular function ( Cassone, 2015 ; Dawson et al, 2001 ). The circadian is an evolutionarily conserved, hierarchically organized system with a master clock and peripheral clocks ( Bell-Pedersen et al, 2005 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian disruption and divergent microbiota acquisition under extended photoperiod regimens in chicken

Hieke

Hubert

Athrey

2019

PeerJ

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The gut microbiota is crucial for metabolic homeostasis, immunity, growth and overall health, and it is recognized that early-life microbiota acquisition is a pivotal event for later-life health. Recent studies show that gut microbiota diversity and functional activity are synchronized with the host circadian rhythms in healthy individuals, and circadian disruption elicits dysbiosis in mammalian models. However, no studies have determined the associations between circadian disruption in early life, microbiota colonization, and the consequences for microbiota structure in birds. Chickens, as a major source of protein around the world, are one of the most important agricultural species, and their gut and metabolic health are significant concerns. The poultry industry routinely employs extended photoperiods (>18 h light) as a management tool, and their impacts on the chicken circadian, its role in gut microbiota acquisition in early life (first 3 weeks of life), and consequences for later life microbiota structure remain unknown. In this study, the objectives were to (a) characterize circadian activity under two different light regimes in layer chicken (12/12 h′ Light/Dark (LD) and 23/1 h LD), (b) characterize gut microbiota acquisition and composition in the first 4 weeks of life, (c) determine if gut microbiota oscillate in synchrony with the host circadian rhythm, and (d) to determine if fecal microbiota is representative of cecal microbiota in early life. Expression of clock genes (clock, bmal1, and per2) was assayed, and fecal and cecal microbiotas were characterized using 16S rRNA gene amplicon analyses from birds raised under two photoperiod treatments. Chickens raised under 12/12 LD photoperiods exhibited rhythmic clock gene activity, which was absent in birds raised under the extended (23/1 LD) photoperiod. There was differential microbiota acquisition under different photoperiod regimes in newly hatched chicks. Gut microbiota members showed a similar oscillating pattern as the host, but this association was not as strong as found in mammals. Finally, the fecal microbiota was found to be not representative of cecal microbiota membership and structure in young birds. This is one of the first studies to demonstrate the use of photoperiods to modulate microbiota acquisition in newly hatched chicks, and show their potential as a tool to promote the colonization of beneficial microorganisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian disruption and divergent microbiota acquisition under extended photoperiod regimens in chicken

Hieke

Hubert

Athrey

2019

PeerJ

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“…In birds, the circadian rhythm is controlled by the master clock located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) in front of the hypothalamus (Brandstatter and Abraham, 2003). Circadian rhythm shows similarities between all bird species, but it is not true to generalize it for all (Cassone et al, 2017). It was reported that the exogenous ML administration inhibited the metabolic activity of SCN in chickens (Cantwell and Cassone, 2002), but the effect of ML on gene expression of the mSCN clock in quail was minimal (Yasuo et al, 2002).…”

Section: Cicardian Rhythm In Poultrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin’in Kanatlı Hayvanlarda Önemi

Çalışlar

Yeter

Şahi̇n

2018

Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi

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Intensive production practices, faulty maintenance and feeding, unsuitable keeping conditions, antinutritional factors in feeds and similar abnormalities lead to irregularities in both hormone and enzyme systems in poultry. Especially, due to disorders in endocrine system, a specific hormone, melatonin, can not be produced or underproduced, and thus its metabolic and physiological functions are negatively affected in the organisms. Melatonin (ML) is one of the important hormones that prevent metabolic and physiological disorders in poultry but does not attract attention by poultry scientist. ML regulates the brain's biological clock, acts on respiration, circulation, excretion, reproduction and immunity system. ML helps regulate feed consumption, energy metabolism and body heat. It also provides elimination of free radicals in the body. ML stimulates growth hormone secretion and, thus, effects growth performance of poultry positively. It is considered necesary to focus more effectively on the melatonin hormone, which is a positive contribution to animal welfare by correcting metabolic-physiological disorders in poultry. In this review, the definition of melatonin, its interaction with other hormones, its effect on the physiological and metabolic functions of poultry were examined.

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“…We measured day-night differences in gene transcripts in multiple tissues and in blood metabolites under a realistic range [27,28] of experimental ALAN and in dark controls, and investigated links to behavioral rhythms. The selected genes represented the circadian TTFL (Brain and Muscle ARNT-Like 1, BMAL1 , alias ARNTL ; cryptochrome 1, CRY1 ), a clock modulator ( casein kinase 1ε, CK1ε ) [29], and endocrine, immune and metabolic pathways putatively affected by circadian disruption (Table S1). Tissues included central pacemaker and memory sites (hypothalamus, where important avian circadian pacemaker components are located [29], and hippocampus; Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The selected genes represented the circadian TTFL (Brain and Muscle ARNT-Like 1, BMAL1 , alias ARNTL ; cryptochrome 1, CRY1 ), a clock modulator ( casein kinase 1ε, CK1ε ) [29], and endocrine, immune and metabolic pathways putatively affected by circadian disruption (Table S1). Tissues included central pacemaker and memory sites (hypothalamus, where important avian circadian pacemaker components are located [29], and hippocampus; Fig. S1), and metabolic (liver) and immune tissues (spleen).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We chose a study design that enabled detection of rhythmicity and ALAN effects from sampling two time-points 12 h apart [35,36]. The design was enhanced firstly by tracking possible shifts in circadian rhythms by a focal clock gene, BMAL1 , whose transcription under dark nights in songbirds peaks in the late evening [29]. Secondly, we applied ALAN levels that advance activity of captive great tits by 6 h [22] and thus, if molecular rhythms track behavior, day-night differences at all phase positions are captured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Artificial light at night leads to circadian disruption in a songbird: integrated evidence from behavioural, genomic and metabolomic data

Dominoni

Jong

Oers

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Globally increasing levels of artificial light at night (ALAN) are associated with shifts in circadian rhythms of behaviour in many wild species. However, it is still unclear whether changes in behavioural timing are underlined by parallel shifts in the molecular clock, and whether such internal shifts may differ between different tissues and physiological pathways, which could highlight circadian disruption. We tackled these questions in a comprehensive study that integrated behavioural, gene expression and metabolomic analyses. We exposed captive male great tits (Parus major) to three ALAN intensities or to dark nights, recorded their activity rhythms and obtained mid-day and midnight samples of brain, liver, spleen and blood. ALAN advanced wake-up time, and this shift was paralleled by an advance in the expression of the clock gene BMAL1 in all tissues, suggesting close links of brain and peripheral clock gene expression with activity rhythms. However, several metabolic and immune genes were desynchronised the shifted BMAL1 expression, suggesting circadian disruption of behaviour and physiology. This result was reinforced by untargeted metabolomic profiling, which showed that only 9.7% of the 755 analysed metabolites followed the behavioural shift. We suggest circadian as a key mediator of the health impacts of ALAN on wild animals.

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Avian Circadian Organization

Cited by 11 publications

References 83 publications

Circadian disruption and divergent microbiota acquisition under extended photoperiod regimens in chicken

Circadian disruption and divergent microbiota acquisition under extended photoperiod regimens in chicken

Melatonin’in Kanatlı Hayvanlarda Önemi

Artificial light at night leads to circadian disruption in a songbird: integrated evidence from behavioural, genomic and metabolomic data

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