Aversion thresholds and aversion difference limens for white light in albino and hooded rats.

Campbell, Byron A.; Messing, Rita B.

doi:10.1037/h0028248

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Although bright light seems to follow the typical psychophysical curves of other aversive stimuli [6], these results are subject to interspecies differences and have also yet to be tested in concert with burrowing behavior. Future experiments will be necessary to determine the role of these and other factors in the elicitation of light aversion or approach.…”

Section: Experiments 3: Escape and Avoidancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…When allowed to control their own daily exposure to light by lever pressing, albino rats decrease their exposure to light intensities greater than 1.25 lux over days, and maintain their exposure to light below this threshold [22, 23, 24, 25]. Further examination led Campbell and Messing [6] to suggest that light is likely aversive even at the lowest levels of illumination in rats. However, a considerable number of studies have proposed that light—at some levels—may not be aversive [36], and might even act as a reinforcer [2, 14, 40].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Brief light as a practical aversive stimulus for the albino rat

Barker

Sanabria

Lasswell

et al. 2010

Behavioural Brain Research

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Bright light was an effective aversive stimulus for Wistar rats in punishment, escape, and avoidance paradigms. Contingent punishment of lever-pressing maintained by concurrent schedules of food delivery shifted presses to an alternate lever, and depressed overall response rates. Periodic non-contingent presentation of the light prompted escape responding (head entry into a hole). Unsignaled avoidance contingencies were not effective, but pre-pulse signaling of light supported avoidance behavior. These results demonstrate a possible alternative to foot-shock, one with greater ecological validity, and one that might avoid some of the physiological effects that accompany electric shock. KeywordsAvoidance; Escape; Punishment; Burrow; Light Aversion; Rat Electric footshock has served as the prototypical aversive stimulus in experimental preparations using rats [34,30]. Footshock is popular for its reliability, utility at a wide range of current, and the feasibility of titrating shock levels for individual subjects. But electric shock has its downsides: It often induces secondary effects such as long term sleep disruption [41], altered social behavior [27], reduction in locomotion, rearing, and grooming behaviors, as well as an increase in immobility and defecation [45]. Footshock has also received criticism when used to model conditions such as depression or anxiety disorder that are produced by stressors that lack a comparable component of pain [28]. Finally, the nature

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Section: Experiments 3: Escape and Avoidancementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief light as a practical aversive stimulus for the albino rat

Barker

Sanabria

Lasswell

et al. 2010

Behavioural Brain Research

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“…Aversion was assessed using tests that compare motivation to avoid exposure to the anaesthetics against motivation to avoid a brightly lit chamber (aversion-avoidance testing) or motivation to access a sweet food reward (approach-avoidance testing). Previous studies have shown that rats are at least moderately motivated to avoid bright light (Campbell and Messing, 1969;Stern and Laties, 1989;Keller, 1941) and to access a sweet food reward (Collier and Bolles, 1968). Because previous work has shown that rat aversion to inhalant anaesthetics increases upon re-exposure to these agents Wong et al, 2013), the present study tested rats during initial and repeat exposure to the two anaesthetics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Rat aversion to sevoflurane and isoflurane

Boulanger-Bertolus

Nemeth

Makowska

et al. 2015

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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“…Light is known to be aversive to albino rats [10], and this aversion can be measured using a light -dark box [11]. A 25 per cent difference in light intensity is sufficient for rats to avoid the brighter side [12]. In this study, the lowest light condition (300 lx) was chosen because this is within the range of intensities used in laboratories, although rats will press a lever to turn it off [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rat aversion to isoflurane versus carbon dioxide

2013

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Some experts suggest that sedation of laboratory rodents with isoflurane before euthanasia with carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is a humane alternative to euthanasia with CO 2 alone, but little research has compared aversion with these agents. Albino rats were tested in a light -dark box where they had the choice between remaining in a dark compartment filling with isoflurane or CO 2 , or escaping to a lit compartment. Experiment 1 validated the procedure by confirming that rats responded to agent and light intensity. In experiment 2, 9/16 and 0/16 rats remained in the dark compartment until recumbent when initially exposed to isoflurane and CO 2 , respectively. In experiment 3, more rats remained in the dark compartment until recumbent during initial (10/16) versus re-exposure (1/16) to isoflurane. These results indicate that initial exposure to CO 2 is more aversive than isoflurane, and that re-exposure to isoflurane is more aversive than initial exposure. We conclude that sedation with isoflurane is a refinement over euthanasia with CO 2 alone for rats that have not been previously exposed to inhalant anaesthetics.

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Aversion thresholds and aversion difference limens for white light in albino and hooded rats.

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Brief light as a practical aversive stimulus for the albino rat

Brief light as a practical aversive stimulus for the albino rat

Rat aversion to sevoflurane and isoflurane

Rat aversion to isoflurane versus carbon dioxide

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